Factors of Business Creation and Controlling

In this case study, the primary stakeholders include the television company, its employees and clients who constitute both small and big businesses. One of the relevant facts to the case study is that any business is established with an overall objective of making and increasing the profit margins. It is the increase in profits which makes businesses to grow and expand.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Factors of Business Creation and Controlling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another fact is that for a business to grow, it must be overseen by qualified and competent people. The other fact s is that business people always look at ways of cutting costs and maximizing the profits. They tend to avoid any cost which is avoidable. Oscar is a competent marketing researcher while Laurence is an ambitious general manager.One of the ethical issues which concerns Oscar is that of deontology.In business ethics, deonto logy requires employees to perform their duties as per the given instructions leaving no room for them to give their opinion regarding the consequences of their actions as they perform their duties. They are supposed to perform their duties as instructed because doing otherwise would be unethical (Seven oaks school, 2013). The deontological aspect in Oscar’s dilemma has to do with doing what is right as per a person’s duty. As a marketing research manager, he is supposed to do what he is advised to do by Laurence the general manager. According to deontologists, doing this is ethically correct despite the fact that it would lead to suffering by small businesses that may not be able to pay higher fees to the television station. In this case therefore, doing the right thing is not in any way linked to the consequences because deontological ethics has to do with what is right as per a person’s duty. Another ethical issue is that of Kant’s categorical imperati ve. Kant is famous for taking a neutral position on ethical matters. In his first way of formulating categorical imperative, he argues that one should act based only on those maxims for which he or she would be happy if the actions were to become universal laws. In his second formulation, Kant argues that we should treat humanity not only as an end in itself but also as a means to some end (Chadwick, 1993). In this case study, Kant’s categorical imperative applies through the second formulation of his categorical imperative which has to do with how to treat humanity. The company’s management seems to treat human beings just as means to some end but not as end. For instance, the general manager wants Oscar to do a subjective research which has the potential of locking out small businesses from accessing the television channels for advertisement purposes.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper wit h 15% OFF Learn More The other ethical issue is that of utilitarianism.One of the key proponents of utilitarianism is Jeremy Bentham, who belong the 19th century philosophy. According to him, the principles of human interactions are based on the overall good. In this sense therefore, good is looked from an objective sense in that what is good is seen as what produces ‘good’ for the maximum number of people (Scarre, 1996). Utilitarianism can be explained using the principle of ‘the end justifies the means’, meaning if the end of a process or action is good, then the means of arriving at that end are also good and justifiable (Schofield, 2006). According to the model therefore, for an action to be considered as ethically or morally correct, it should have an outcome which benefits the maximum number of people. What this means is that people should focus on the end of a process but not the means of arriving at that end (Julia, 2009). In this case stud y therefore, the best action from a utilitarian perspective would be for Oscar to produce the subjective research findings as instructed by his boss Laurence. This is because the action will lead to an increment in profit margin by 28%, which would produce a maximum good despite the fact that it would impact negatively on the small businesses. Oscar therefore has two alternatives. One of them is to do as per the instructions of the general manager and end up losing his integrity as a marketing researcher. From a rights perspective, this alternative would lead to the violation of the rights of the stakeholders especially the small businesses who may not be able to pay high fees to use the television station for advertisement purposes. From a justice perspective, the action will be against the principle of natural justice which requires people or entities to be treated in a fair manner irrespective of their political, social or economic value. In this case study, Oscar seems to be the key determinant of the way forward. He should sit down with Laurence and convince him that doing a subjective research is not only unethical but also wrong and therefore unjustified. He should also show him the possible side effects of such a decision to the television station in case the stakeholders get to know about it.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Factors of Business Creation and Controlling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Chadwick, R. (1993).Immanuel Kant: Critical Assessments. New York, NY: Routledge. Julia,D. (2009). The History of Utilitarianism. Retreived 4th, August, 2013, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/#JerBen Scarre, G. (1996). Utilitarianism. New York, NY: Routledge. Schofield, P. (2006). Utility and Democracy: the Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Seven oaks school. (2009).Ethical Egoism. Web. This case study on Factors of Business Creation and Controlling was written and submitted by user Kendal P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin

Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin In an article by Axel Bugge two opinions on what should happen to the Amazon are discussed. One view is that it’s more important to cut down the Amazon due to the growing number of people living in Brazil. The other more vocal side wants to stop any cutting down of the Amazon but at least wants to minimize the amount that is being cut down every year. They don’t want to lose the Amazon that is nicknamed â€Å"the lungs of the planet† for all the oxygen that comes from there (Bugge 1). The Brazilian authorities and large percent of Brazilians know that they should limit the amount of Amazon that is being cut down. They cannot which comes from the problem of population explosion in Brazil. Brazils population has grown from 3.5 million people in 1970 to 20 million people nowadays. This would not be a problem but the Amazon represents more than half Brazil’s territory. Brazilian authorities also face pressures to develop the Amazon. There seems to be a $40 billion government economic development plan, which could possibility, destroy, or heavily damage, up to 42 percent of the Amazon (Bugge 2). On the other side of the argument we have mostly environmentally conscience people. These environmentalists are against the deforestation of the Amazon especially since a piece of the Amazon equal to Rhode Island in size is destroyed every year. This is not that much of the Amazon as a whole especially since the Amazon is an area larger then Western Europe. In the end the feeling is that if we keep cutting down the Amazon at this rate we are losing, as many environmentalists call it, the â€Å"lungs of the planet† since according to them the Amazon produces the vast majority of the earth’s oxygen (Bugge 1). A major problem of deforestation is the vast number of plants and animals living in the Amazon are not only being killed but also are dieing to points of extinction. Already a large... Free Essays on Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin Free Essays on Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin In an article by Axel Bugge two opinions on what should happen to the Amazon are discussed. One view is that it’s more important to cut down the Amazon due to the growing number of people living in Brazil. The other more vocal side wants to stop any cutting down of the Amazon but at least wants to minimize the amount that is being cut down every year. They don’t want to lose the Amazon that is nicknamed â€Å"the lungs of the planet† for all the oxygen that comes from there (Bugge 1). The Brazilian authorities and large percent of Brazilians know that they should limit the amount of Amazon that is being cut down. They cannot which comes from the problem of population explosion in Brazil. Brazils population has grown from 3.5 million people in 1970 to 20 million people nowadays. This would not be a problem but the Amazon represents more than half Brazil’s territory. Brazilian authorities also face pressures to develop the Amazon. There seems to be a $40 billion government economic development plan, which could possibility, destroy, or heavily damage, up to 42 percent of the Amazon (Bugge 2). On the other side of the argument we have mostly environmentally conscience people. These environmentalists are against the deforestation of the Amazon especially since a piece of the Amazon equal to Rhode Island in size is destroyed every year. This is not that much of the Amazon as a whole especially since the Amazon is an area larger then Western Europe. In the end the feeling is that if we keep cutting down the Amazon at this rate we are losing, as many environmentalists call it, the â€Å"lungs of the planet† since according to them the Amazon produces the vast majority of the earth’s oxygen (Bugge 1). A major problem of deforestation is the vast number of plants and animals living in the Amazon are not only being killed but also are dieing to points of extinction. Already a large...

Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Answers - Essay Example I plan to apply the OSHA program skills leant in my daily life, starting from my home to my future employment. If I was working in a group on a project and another member of the group was not performing their duties, I would handle the situation via verbal warning. If the group member would still not heed to the warning, I would give him or her a written warning, and if no change is seen; then dismissal of the individual. I would first communicate with the supervisor explaining the situation, and alerting that I would be late in delivering the weekly report due to the given pressing circumstances. Next, I would handle the situation at hand. This is because the report can wait, but the situation might be a life threatening one, which must be dealt with immediately. Root-cause analysis is a fishbone structural analysis useful in shaping the source of the issue and prevents reoccurrence. In root cause analysis, investigation of possible source of the problem is broken down as: man, machine, environment, and

Performance Appraisal Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Performance Appraisal Processes - Essay Example Therefore, for top quality employees the performance should take into consideration the results gained and focus on providing encouraging words or quotes to boost the employee’s morale and motivate him or her to continue working harder. The appraisals done should encourage the employees to focus more on their quantity or quality where necessary. The performance evaluations will target better performance among the empowered workers to ensure that they continue with the energy as they work. Â  The theory that is most consistent with empowerment is the job characteristics theory. It stresses on the fact that there are certain traits about the job a person has that will make him or her motivated to perform excellently. One important thing is that the employee has control over what he or she does and aims to do the best. The motivation, in this case, comes in when the workers are not given control or are given work that does not meet the various characteristics based on feedback, autonomy, task significance, and task identity and skill variety. As such it concurs with empowerment where a workers freedom increases and his or her potential exploited to the maximum. In the case of empowerment, the individual is given more control and independence to tackle various tasks and thus uses his skills to the highest. He or she does not look to meet an individual quota but to perform beyond what the company wants. Â  Landmark Dining is currently considering surveys and the various factors to consider would be competitiveness of the employees, teamwork that involves a relationship with co-workers, the job was done by the employee, communication between employees and senior management benefits, compensation relationship with Superior job security and chances of using the relevant jobs skills at work. The results from the voice system indicate the satisfaction of the customers on the services provided by the establishment.

Lab Report about primula Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About primula - Lab Report Example The practical aimed at documenting the observations accurately and developing meaningful observational skills. To achieve the practical objectives, a dissecting microscope and a compound microscope were used to compare the pin and thrum parts of the flower in a morphological manner. Again, collection of measurements was done to evidence the dimorphism. In the practical, it was established that the two flower forms are significantly different in their morphological structures. Their differences are readily visible through the size and structure of their styles, anthers, petals, and other aspects as seen in this lab report. Primula vulgaris is one of the largest and commonest genera of the Primulaceae and is mainly centred in temperate regions especially the mountainous areas within the northern hemisphere. The pollination of the flower is usually aided by human activities that promote insect pollination. In this case, insect pollinators visiting the flowers to look for nectar help in the pollination process. The species flowers are known by dustily that is mainly characterized through the development of pin flowers that are long and styled. These flowers also have anthers that head midway down flower’s corolla tube as well as some short-styled thrum flowers that have anthers positioned at the corolla-tube’s mouth (Webb & Lloyd, 1986). Typically, heterostyly is a common feature for the Primula genus whereby most of the species are distylous according to Richards (1993). The pollen morphology of all species has been previously investigated, but there are no surveys related to the Primula vulgaris species have ever been found. This argument provides that only a close investigation of the Primula vulgaris would provide a better understanding of the reproductive biology of the species reproduction biology. With regard to this species, most of its flowering plants have been found to be hermaphrodite

Importance of Stretching and Warming Up

Importance of Stretching and Warming Up Stretching Fitness. The Importance of Warming up. Why do Gym teachers at school or college, personal trainers or sports coaches, have you warm up your body and do stretching techniques before exercising? It is for exactly the same reason that career athletes and sports professionals take their time to stretch and warm up before a practice or a match. The stretching will help greatly to prepare your body for the exercise that it is about to experience. However, before one stretches, it is usually vital, or at the least preferable, that you warm up first. Warming up does imply that you are preparing to exercise, just like getting ready. For example, in cold weather a car needs to be started and warmed up, before you move off in the car down the road. Manufacturers advise us to do this because starting up and immediately driving off is potentially damaging to the engine – the same logic applies to your body. Warming up will help to increase the temperature of your body to an optimum state while also preparing your muscles to be ready for exercise. Thus, warming up will actively help to prevent injuries to muscles, which may otherwise occur if you just start from cold and exercise. Warming up properly will also increase your heart rate, this will deliver more blood and therefore oxygen to your muscles while readying the body to burn more energy. Ideally five to ten minutes of warming up should be sufficient. You can warm up while doing the same movements that you will be doing for exercise, but just at a slower pace, like slow-motion. If you are going to run, then simply jog for those minutes to warm up, before building to your maximum and sustained effort. Preferably for all sports activities, after your body has warmed up, it is time to stretch. It is important to get into this habit because if you stretch cold muscles it will lead to injury, even a debilitating injury. But if you have prepared your muscles and they are warm, stretching correctly will reduce injuries and long term stress while also delivering to you improved flexibility, a greater range of motion, of posture and of coordination. The benefits are important and long term for you overall musculature. What is happening when you stretch the muscles? What does stretching actually do, and why can it sometimes hurt? What should stretching actually be making you feel? You do know that it is important to stretch, and that you feel the benefit after having stretched, but why is this, what happens to your muscles (and overall to your body) after a stretch session? It is all to do with flexibility. Your inherent ability to flex will come from many factors, i.e. the joints, the ligaments, your tendons and the muscles of your body. Some people, are simply born with loose ligaments and with more mobile bone joints. This is not something which you need to work on altering, for the ligaments connect the bones and are vital for the overall stability of the body. If you try to lengthen the ligaments, you will certainly face problems. Your attention in stretching is actually on the muscles, and equally on where the tendons and the muscles meet (the tendons connect the muscle to your bones). The tendons and the muscles are the important main physical structures for your flexibility efforts. It is that interface which you are concentrating upon. As well as the bone joints and the ligament structures, the muscle mass (i.e., what strength you have) will affect how supple you are and how far you can stretch. Training and conditioning affects greatly your flexibility. Focus on your muscles. How do they Work? Muscles vary greatly in their shape and their size, and they serve many different functions. Most of the larger muscles, such as the hamstrings and the quadriceps, control your motion. The other muscles, such as the heart, and muscles of your inner ear, perform different functions. However, at the microscopic level, all of the muscles of the body do share an intrinsic basic structure. At their highest level, the (whole) muscle is made up of so many strands of tissue known as fascicles. You see these strands of muscle when red meat or poultry is cut. Each fascicle is made up of fasciculi, these are bundles of muscle fibres. These muscle fibres are in turn made of several tens of thousand of thread like myofybrils, these contract, relax, or elongate. The myofybrils are also made up of several millions of bands laid end to end and known as sarcomeres. Each individual sarcomere is composed of overlapping thin and thick filaments known as myofilaments. The thin and thick myofilaments are in turn composed of contractile proteins, which are primarily actin and myosin. Your nerves connect your spinal column to the muscle. The point where the nerve and muscle connect is known as the neuromuscular junction. When electrical signals cross the neuromuscular junction, this is then transmitted deep inside your muscle fibres. Subsequently and inside your muscle fibres, the electrical signal stimulates a flow of calcium which then causes the thin and thick myofilaments to slide across each other. When this happens, it signals the sarcomere to shorten, and this generates force. Therefore when the billions of sarcomeres of the muscle shorten simultaneously, then it results in a contraction of the whole muscle fibre. If a muscle fibre contracts, it completely contracts. There is no event known as a partially contracted muscle fibre. The muscle fibres are not capable of varying in intensity during their contraction, relative to the load against which you are imposing. How then does the force of a muscle contraction result in a variance of strength from weak to strong? What occurs is that the more of the muscle fibres that are recruited, as and when required to perform the work requested of them, then the more those muscle fibres that are recruited by your central nervous system, the stronger is the force being generated by the muscular contraction. Fixator Muscles This may be a little technical and term heavy, but it will give you a better idea as to the complexity of what is actually happening in your body when movement of the body is under way. Fixators, are the muscles that provide you the necessary support that assist in holding the rest of your body in place, while movement happens. Fixators are sometimes also called stabilizer muscles. When you flex a knee, your hamstring will contract, and also, to some extent, your calf (gastrocnemius) and your lower buttocks. Meanwhile, your quadriceps are being inhibited (somewhat lengthened and relaxed) in order not to retard the flexion. In this example, the hamstring serves you as the agonist, or the prime mover and the quadricep serves you as the antagonist. The calf and lower buttocks serve you as the synergists. The agonists and the antagonists are generally found on opposite sides of the affected joint (such as your hamstrings and your quadriceps, or your triceps and your biceps), The synergists are generally located at the same side on the joint and near the agonists. Larger muscles will regularly call upon their smaller neighbours to function as synergists. The muscles are by nature extremely pliant, and they can stretch up to one and a half times their own length, whereas your tendons may be damaged permanently if they are stretched by just four percent beyond their natural length. When you are stretching a muscle, this means that it stretches out from the centre of the muscle belly, out to the point where the muscle and tendon meet. Overstretching means tissue damage. A gentle stretch will relax your muscles, allowing them to release and grow longer, yet too intensive a stretch can actually produce an inflammatory response. This means that your body is trying to repair some damage. Any time you cause yourself pain, then you are actually causing tissue damage. You do not want to create any form of pain or discomfort when you are trying to become increase your mobility while also enhancing your flexibility. Let your mind and body relax. In order for a stretch to reach the complete length of a muscle and reach deep into the muscle-tendon connections, then it is preferred that you hold each stretch for about one minute.. but don’t push it, work up to this optimum. Your stretches should be gentle. Try not to bounce when stretching, as this can damage your muscles. Stretching must never hurt you, so be sure to stop if you start to feel pain. Holding a stretch for 10-30 seconds will help your muscles lengthen. Your flexibility work, if done correctly, will produce a calming effect and even stretching before bed will help your mind and body relax, and produce a better sleep too equally your gentle stretching, will aid the body to recover and regenerate. Do not stretch if you have any injuries. Keep breathing during your stretches. Correct breathing ensures that your muscles get the oxygen required during stretching. Ensure that both sides of your body are equally stretched. It might feel natural to you to focus on a dominant side, yet one’s focus should be to stretch all muscles equally. Some propose that water is important to drink regarding your flexibility as an increased water intake is thought to contribute to better mobility, as well as enhanced total body relaxation. Stretching your neck. Tilt your head forward, but don’t rock it from side to side as this may be dangerous. Alternatively, stretch your neck to the left, then the right, go forward and backward, and return to centre. Angle your head with the ear towards a shoulder, then tilt your head backwards and roll it from left to right, then the right to the left in a 30 degree motion. Ensure that when the head is tilted backwards, you keep the jaw relaxed and even let your mouth fall open a little. Stretch the shoulder. Put an arm on the chest. Grasp your forearm with the other arm. Pull the arm until you feel your shoulder is stretching. Push the arm that you are stretching the opposite way so to contract the muscle if you notice that the chest is stretching instead of the shoulder. STATIC STRETCHING Static stretching is a traditional type of stretching that most people are more familiar with. For example, bending over and touching your toes is a great static stretch for your hamstrings and your lower back. With static stretching you will want to go to just at the point of discomfort and then hold this stretch if possible for 30-60 seconds. Go slowly at first, do not push yourself to the point of excruciating pain and so risk pulling or tearing any muscles. As you become more habituated to stretching, your pain threshold will increase and you will be able to maintain any stretches for longer and then to stretch deeper. Here are some static stretches that you can do easily. Chest. Shoulders and Biceps. Extend an arm and grasp a pole or other sturdy stationary object with one hand. Then slowly rotate the body away while keeping your posture upright. Keep going until you feel a good stretch in the chest, shoulders, and biceps. Hold this and then repeat it with the other arm. Try to do this stretch at least twice for each side. UPPER BODY STRETCH This stretch is quite easy, grasp a chin up bar and hang from it for as long as your strength will hold. You will probably feel the stretch throughout your entire upper torso. This can be repeated several times with different grips (e.g. wide, underhand, narrow, overhand). LATS/CHEST STRETCH Grab a bar or machine handle that is about waist high. Simply extend back as shown in the picture until you feel a good stretch in the lats and chest. Hold this for 30-60 seconds, take a quick rest and then repeat again. QUADS STRETCH Using a leg extension or seated leg curl machine, set the foot roller pad so that it is just lower then the height of your butt. Put the pin in the full weight stack so that the pad doesnt move. Then hook your foot over the pad as shown in the picture. And lean back and down until you feel the stretch throughout the quads. Hold this for 30-60 seconds and then repeat with the other leg. Do this stretch at least twice for each side. HAMSTRINGS STRETCH Extend your leg on a weight machine, rack, or some other object that is a bit higher then waist height. Straighten your leg and lean forward until you feel the stretch in the hamstrings. Try to grab your toes if you flexible enough, if not then just reach out as far as you can. Hold this for 30-60 seconds and then repeat with the other leg. Do this stretch at least twice for each side. LOWER BACK/HAMSTRINGS STRETCH This is pretty straight forward, just bend over with your legs straight and touch your toes. Hold this for 30-60 seconds, take a quick rest and then repeat again.

History of Special Needs Provision in Ireland Essay

The history of education for children with special needs in Ireland has been one of neglect and exclusion until there was a change in attitudes and policies. The government had no need for policies regarding education and care of children with additional needs because they were carried out by religious orders. Many children were sent away to hospitals, homes and even asylums. They were hidden away from society. There were three stages in relation to the education and care of children with additional needs. Era of Neglect and Denial The era of neglect and denial was when the government thought children with special needs didn’t need to be educated and were seen as a medical problem. The Medical Model of Disability thought that children with special needs were abnormal. The problem was seen to be with the person with special needs and this model focuses on the causes of the disability and would look for cures rather than accept the person. â€Å"The medical model of disability views disability as a ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual† (www.2.le.ac.uk, Assessed 07 March 2014). Era of Special Schools The era of special schools was when a number of religious orders set up schools for children with special needs. The care and education was entirely up to the religious orders and the children would often board here rather than stay at home with their families. These schools were later recognised by the state. The government now believed children with special needs needed to be educated but not with â€Å"normal† children. They believed that the children would interfere with the education of the other children and therefore could not be educated in the same schools. Era of Integration and Inclusion The era of integration and inclusion began when the government introduced policies on education for children with special needs. They introduced these because of the decline in religion and religious orders. The state took over the care and education of children with additional needs. There was a demand for these children to be educated in schools alongside children who did not have special educational needs. This did happen but the children with special needs were taught in separate classrooms away from the other children. They were been educated but still not included. There are over 140 special schools in Ireland to date. These schools are designed for children who cannot be educated in mainstream schools. Some children may go to these schools for a period of time and then move into mainstream schools. Children with special needs are entitled to a free education until they reach eighteen years of age. They are entitled to help and support from resource teachers or special need assistants if the need it and to be educated in the same environment as every other child and to be treated equally. Legislation and Policies The Education Act 1998 The Education Act 1998 was the first piece of legislation that outlined the rights regarding education. This act is a general one but it provided the first legal definition of disability, the first legal definition of special educational needs and it defined what support services are. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of teachers, Board of Management, the Inspector and the Minister for Education. The Education Act 1998 says that all children including children with special needs are entitled to free education. Parents have the right to send their children to a school of their choice. All schools must respect beliefs, languages and traditions of all children. Schools have to have a plan in place to deal with any obstacles that may affect the education or welfare of a child with additional needs. All children have the right to be treated equally and should be included in all aspects of education despite their ability or disability. â€Å"This was the first piece of legislatio n passed since the foundation of the state that directly outlined the government’s rights and legal obligations regarding education† (Assisting Children with Special Needs, Assessed 08 March 2014: 10). The Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004 This Act was passed to ensure that all people with special educational needs can be educated in an inclusive environment where this is possible. They have the same rights to education as a person who does not have special educational  needs. They have the right to the equipment they need in order to participate and continue with their education. The Board of Management needs to provide information to the parents and others relating to the education of the child. They need to ensure the progress of the child is monitored and reviewed regularly. To review the resources that are needed to help and provide education to children with special needs. They need to ensure that the needs of the child are being met and that a plan is put in place specifically for each child. â€Å"This Act was passed in June, 2004. The Act makes provision for the education of people with special educational needs, to provide that education whe rever possible, in an inclusive environment with those who do not have such needs† (www.asti.ie, Accessed 10 March 2014) Special Needs Conditions Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD is a common behavioural disorder that affects school age children and is more common in boys. Signs and Symptoms There are three major symptoms of ADHD inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Some signs of ADHD are been easily distracted, switching from one activity to another frequently and talking excessively. Causes The causes of ADHD are not known. There are a number of factors that may be linked to ADHD such as genetics, diet and family environments. Diagnosis The diagnosis should only be made if the problem has been assessed for more than six months and has happened in two or more places. This is because there are other conditions which are very similar to ADHD that have to be ruled out. â€Å"Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) is a disorder that appears in early childhood. You may know it by the name attention deficit disorder, or ADD. ADD/ADHD makes it difficult for people to inhibit their spontaneous response – response that can involve everything to speech to attentiveness† (www.helpguide.org, Accessed 09 March 2014). Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy occurs when the part of the brain that controls muscle tone and movement is damaged. The condition can result in someone just been  clumsy or it can be more severe where the person cannot walk or move any part of their body. Signs and Symptoms Cerebral palsy may have the following signs and symptoms, lack of movement, difficulty walking, delays in speech development and trouble with swallowing. Causes There are no exact causes for cerebral palsy but it may be caused by brain damage before or during a child’s birth. Diagnosis A diagnosis for cerebral palsy will only be made after a child has been assessed and tests carried out. The tests will focus on the child’s movements and their muscle tone. Diagnosis for cerebral palsy can take a long time. â€Å"Cerebral palsy is a term used to refer to a group of complicated conditions that affect movement and posture because of damage to or failure in the development of the part of the brain that controls movement† (www.sess.ie, Accessed 10 March 2014). Autism Autism is a developmental disorder that affects the brain from functioning properly. Autism affects the way a person communicates and how they relate to other people. Signs and Symptoms Some signs and symptoms of autism are if a child does not respond to their name by the age of twelve months, have no words by sixteen months and does not point at objects to show interest by fourteen months. The child will avoid eye contact and will like to play alone frequently. Causes The exact cause of autism is unknown. Abnormalities in the brain, genetics and environmental toxins may be causes but this have not been proven. Diagnosis A screening test to diagnoise autism must be based on the observation of communication, behaviour and development and compare them to children in the same age group. â€Å"Autism is a neurological condition in which a child is unable to relate to people and situations. It first emerges in early childhood, when the child is first developing social and interpersonal skills. It is a rare condition affecting approximately five people out of  every 10,000† (www.irishhealth.com, Accessed 11 March 2014). Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disorder which makes reading, writing and spelling more difficult. It is the most common learning difficulty among children. Signs and Symptoms The most common sign of dyslexia is getting letters and words jumbled up. Lack of self-esteem, bad behaviour and lack of interest in school related activities are symptoms of having dyslexia. Causes There is no real evidence to suggest what causes dyslexia but it may be caused by an impairment in the brain or it may be inherited. Diagnosis Tests will be done on a child that is suspected of having dyslexia and will focus on how the child processes information, their language abilities and word recognition. â€Å"There was a time in Ireland when dyslexia was the disorder that dare not speak his name. The Dyslexia Association of Ireland. (DAI), established 40 years ago this year, had to change its name in the 1980s to the Association of Children and Adults with Learning Difficulties, so it would be taken seriously† (www.irishtimes.com, Accessed 11 March 2014). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) FASD is mental and physical condition that results from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Signs and Symptoms Some of the signs and symptoms of FASD may include having a small head, deformities of limbs, heart defects and vision or hearing difficulties. Causes The causes of FASD is when a mother drinks alcohol excessively during her pregnancy. Alcohol interferes with the oxygen getting to the developing brain. Diagnosis FASD can only be diagnosed after a child is born. Doctors will access motor skills, facial features and heart problems. Support Services HADD Ireland is a support group for people affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They offer a wide variety of services  including courses for young people, courses for parents and support groups. In these courses they build skills, promote self-awareness and encourage problem solving. In the support groups they offer talks and workshops for parents that provide information and advice on ADHD. Cerebral Palsy Alliance is a support group that provides support and assistance for parents and carers of people who suffer from cerebral palsy. Each service is in place to help improve the quality of life and participation in everyday life. The services they provide include therapy and health services, counselling and respite care. They offer early intervention services and mentoring programmes for teenagers Irish Autism Action is an organisation that was formed to help sufferers of autism and their families. They offer a range of services including early detection prog rammes, education support, counselling, and home based support. They also have a helpline that offers confidential information and support for people with autism. They provide information and advice to families upon a diagnosis been made. Dyslexia Association of Ireland (DAI) is a membership based organisation that educates people about dyslexia. They offer appropriate and effective support services for children and adults dealing with dyslexia. The services they provide are information services through phone, website or text, assessment services, specialist tuition for children through workshops or one on one tuition, training and education for parents, teachers and others. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Ireland is a support group that was set up by a group of carers who have had contact with children who suffer from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). They provide information to families, carers and individuals on any disability associated with FASD. Alcohol Awareness Week 2014 is one way in which they provide information and promote awar eness about FASD. References University of Leicester: â€Å"The social and medical model of disability† (Online), available: http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ssds/accessability/staff/accessabilitytutors/information-for-accessability-tutors/the-social-and-medical-model-of-disability

Marketing Final Study Guide Essay

Chapter 11-Advertising, Integrated Marketing Communications, and the Changing Media Landscape 1. Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) and the New Media Integrated Marketing Communications: Approach designed to deliver one consistent message to buyers across an organization’s promotions. TV, Radio, magazines, Internet, Phones Mobil Marketing: Marketing Media that is available in different places such as cell phones or on forms of transportation * Magazines, newspapers and televisions compete with internet, texting, mobile phones, blogs, YouTube, Facebook, and twitter. Out-of-home advertising: Billboards, moveable promotions that are displayed in a broad range of public spaces including tray tables on airplanes, the inside of subways, trains, buses, and even in bathroom stalls. * As the media landscape changes, the money organizations spend on different types of communication will change as well 2. The Promotion (communication) mix Promotion or Communication Mix: Communication tools that may include advertising, sales, promotions, public relations and publicity, personal selling, and direct marketing. Advertising: A message that is paid for and sent to large groups of the population at one time with an identified organization or brand (product or service) being promoted * Advantages and disadvantages: Radio, magazines, newspapers are portable. Radios have many stations and are driving when listening. TV people get up or turn the station. Vehicle: the specific means, such as a particular magazine or a specific television show, within a medium to reach a selected target market. Personal Selling: An interactive, personal, paid promotional approach between a buyer and a seller. (e.g. interviewing for a job, pampered chef, Mary Kay) Public Relations (PR): The process of creating a positive image for a company, an offering, or a person via publicity. Sales promotion: Other forms of promotions (coupons, contests, rebates, mail-in-offers) not included as a component of a communication mix. Trade promotions: Sales promotions aimed at businesses in business-to-business marketing. (e.g. trade shows, sponsorships, event marketing, and special incentives given to retailers, such as extra money, in-store displays, and prizes to market particular products and services) Direct Marketing: Delivering personalized promotional materials directly to individual consumers. Materials may be delivered via mail, catalogs, Internet, e-mail, or telephone, or in person. * Benefits: ability to target a specific set of customers, measure the return on investment, and test different strategies before implementing to all targeted consumers. Disadvantage: Intrusive and many consumers ignore the attempts to reach them Telemarketing: A form of direct marketing that involves contacting people by phone. Do Not Call Registry: Established by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in 2008, the service prevents organizations from calling any phone numbers registered with the FTC Direct Mail: A form of direct marketing that is mailed to consumers. It can be personalized and ask consumers to make a certain response. Catalogs are often part of direct mail campaigns. Call to action: In direct marketing, requesting consumers to make a specific response such as a purchase or a call for more information. Direct Response Advertising: Direct marketing that includes an offer and a call to action (e.g. â€Å"Call now and receive a bonus package,† internet provides the preferred direct-response medium because it is less expensive.) 3. The Promotion Mix, Communication, and Buyers’ Perceptions. Factors that Influence Selection of Promotion Mix * Budget Available: the budget available to market a product determines what elements of the promotion mix are utilized. Affects a promotion’s reach and frequency. Reach: The number of people exposed to a message Frequency: How often people are exposed to a message * Stage in the product life cycle: affects the type and amount of the promotion used. Products in intro. stage needs more promotional dollars. * Type of product and type of purchase decision: technical- personal selling to understand features. Advertising used to sell convenience goods and routine purchase items since customers are familiar with the product. * Target Market Characteristics and consumers’ readiness to purchase: organizations must understand how ready different target markets are to make purchases * Consumers’ Preferences for various media: Research is done to find out how consumers want to be reached * Regulations, competitors, and environmental factors: regulations can affect the type of promotion used (e.g. In U.S. tobacco products can’t be advertised on TV) Strength of economy has an impact- weak economy organizations use sales promotions such as coupons (associated risk is consumers may start to expect coupons) * Availability of Media: Plan promotions based on media availability. Crisis or Disasters can cut TV promotion slots. * Push versus Pull strategy: Many manufactures use both strategies Push Strategy: A strategy in which businesses are the target of promotions to products get â€Å"pushed† through their marketing channels and sold to consumers. (e.g. displays in retail outlets for new products) Pull Strategy: A strategy in which consumers are targeted with sales promotions such as coupons, contests, games, rebates, mail-in offers. (e.g. manufacturer promotes on TV and places coupons in the newspaper causing wholesalers and retailers to buy their product to meet consumer demand) Encode: Senders must translate or convert benefits and value of a product or service into a message for the message channel selected. Decode: Receivers interpret messages. Interference (noise): Any distractions or noise that senders and receivers face during the transmission of a message. (e.g. poor reception, poor print quality, problems with a server, low battery) Feedback: Means of telling sellers you saw their information and wanted to try their product.

US Trip essays

US Trip essays In 11th grade I had the chance to apply for a 3-week-stay in the USA. There is a student exchange program between our high school and the Oak Ridge High School in Conroe Texas. It is a tradition that every year in spring a group of 11th graders visits Texas. I have always been interested in foreign languages and I like travelling to English-speaking countries to use the language and to get to know more about the inhabitants and their way of life. That is why I absolutely wanted to be one of the students to go to Texas that year. But it is always only a few students who get the opportunity to do that. I knew I had good conditions to take part because one of my main subjects was English and my teachers comminded me all the time. And my assumption was right. After a very short time I already got an e-mail from the daughter of my prospective host family. However the political situation in the U.S. was very complicated at this time. For that reason it was not certain if the exchange program could really take place. It seemed like my host family knew about the doubts my family had to allow me to go on that trip. So they sent a detailled letter to my parents to introduce themselves and to let them know that they could not identify with Bush's policy and that they would not support the war in Iraq. I was very glad to hear that because I would not have to think about how to react, if there were discussions about political topics. The letter they wrote made my parents feel relieved. My host family made avery positive impression on them. So they know I would be safe. And this was also the beginning of a friendship between our two families. Everyone of us started writing letters and e-mails and calling each other on the phone - me and my host sister (of course), my parents and her parents and even my brother and her sister. I could not wait to talk to my host family in person and when I got there they exceeded all of my expectations. They gav...

This is Your Mind on Bondage. essays

This is Your Mind on Bondage. essays The entertainment industry has come a long way since the invention of movies and television. It opened the door to a vast new world. If its comedy you want, it will deliver. If its action you crave, it can give that to you too. It also has romances, thrillers, horrors, musicals, fantasies, sci-fi, mysteries, and even gratuitous sex, otherwise known as pornography. And because of this the entertainment industry has also had a lot of controversy. Many people disagree with that last form of entertainment because they believe it is degrading to women. I happen to disagree because these women who perform in this type of entertainment do it willingly. A lot of it is just pointless sex. Some of it is more graphic than others, but it is doing nothing more than expressing sex on film or pictures. There is, however, a type of pornography that I think should be banned in America. This type is called Bondage. There are many types of pornography out there. If you go on the Internet, it will give you a wide range of choices. From teens to lesbians, anything you want to see is probably out there. Some of it is already considered illegal. Snuff films is one of them. Snuff films are violent depictions sex caught on film. These depictions are real and usually involve rape or murder. Another form of illegal pornography is child pornography. This involves sexual acts among people under the age of eighteen. My question is, if these are illegal, why isnt bondage? According to Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, bondage is a state of being bound by compulsion; Servitute or subjection to a controlling person or force. The types of scenes you can expect to see while viewing this material are scenes of women and men tied up, anchored down, or positioned in a way that they have no control over what can happen to them. The atmosphere isnt very pleasant. ...

Fundamentals of Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fundamentals of Contract Law - Essay Example This letter also stipulated the precedence of MSC company terms and provision was made for an increase in price. Therefore Betty has not agreed to the original terms of Able’s contract, she has only accepted conditionally1. Therefore, this is a counter offer which is in effect a rejection of the original offer that Able has made. Therefore, it is now Betty’s offer that is up for negotiation and Able has indicated his acceptance of Betty’s offer by signing on the tear off slip that is attached to her company’s order form. Since there is no further communication from Betty, this would be deemed to be the final agreement between the two parties with Able having consented to Betty’s terms. A valid contract between two parties may be said to exist only when the parties â€Å"assent to the same thing in the same sense, and their minds meet as to all terms.†2 Able was free to reject Betty’s counter offer, since a counter offer in effect, free s the offerer Able from any liability.3 But he signed on Betty’s order form, which means he has accepted the terms of Betty’s counter offer and the original offer has been rejected. However, this raises the issue of the clause that he has entered in the tear off slip that he has signed, which states that the offer was accepted based on the terms of the original offer. This belies the agreement implied through Abel’s signature on the tear off slip, because in indicates that Able is still not ready to accede to Betty’s terms but is intent on enforcing the original terms.  

BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT - Essay Example As a far as being and achiever is concerned, I consider myself one since I see life as a set of goals that need to be fulfilled and as such whenever I complete a task I feel that I have achieved something no matter how small. Lastly, I am a restorer because I always derive pleasure and satisfaction from patching things, situations and even people. This is influenced by my positivism since whenever I come across a situation that could be made better; I almost always try my utmost to remedy it. While the test may have indicated that am an includer, I do not think that is very descriptive of me since I tend to prefer to run projects on my own rather than as part of a team. While I do include people in them, when it comes to their management, I end up trying to be the one to run point because I am a bit of a perfectionist. In the past, teachers and even friends have been full of praise about my positivism, I remember one of my teacher once told me that my glass is always half full and I should influence my colleagues to be as positive. Whenever my siblings or friends are stressed, sometimes by academics or life issues such as relationship they often seek me out since they know I will help them see the best in such situations. This has also been very useful to me personally since, as a student, I frequently used my positivism to motivate myself to take on complicated projects that others did not want to tackle. I often view challenges as opportunities to make myself a better person rather than inconvenient situations that should be avoided. As a result, I have found myself exceling and standing out, not because I am better than others are but because I am willing to try what they refuse to handle. Being an achiever as well as a positivist is often instrumental in helping one achieve success in most of the things they set out to do (Clear). In many cases, I make small short term goals which I gradually and consistently work on combining the small