Term Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Assignment - Term Paper Example The political sphere today is male dominated, as shown by the high numbers of males participating in politics (Lawless & Fox 2012). In the USA, women account for only 16.6 percent of congress. On the other hand, women make up only 8 percent of the mayors of the nation’s largest cities. Similarly, Britain registers lower representation of women in politics, compared to the U.S.A. (PressTVGlobalNews 2011). Globally, in July 2006, women accounted for 17 percent of parliamentarians worldwide, and a woman headed the government in only seven countries (UNICEF, 2007). According to Anne, Deckman, and Swers (2011), the under-representation of women in politics is not blamed on legal restrictions, but probably on the bias of voters and parties, which favor the male politicians. Nonetheless, despite women under-representation in politics, a number of women in different countries have risen in the political scene, with impeccable performance, which is responsible for their influence in th e politics of their countries and the world. In 2011, the Forbes Magazine published a list of the most powerful women in the world. Among the first top five most powerful women in the list, three were female politicians. The most powerful woman in politics was considered to be Angela Merkel, who â€Å". . . directly controls the $2.9 trillion GDP of Germany and influences the $14.8 trillion economy of the European Union† (Goudreau 2011, para. 2). Besides being the first female chancellor of Germany, Merkel is also the party leader of Christian Democratic Union in Germany. She has held this political office in Germany since 2005, and re-elected in 2009. Merkel is also responsible for overseeing the operations of the Eurozone, ensuring stability, and unification of the members. In addition, the stabilization of the European Union is one of her core duties. This makes Germany the only country among the top largest economies of the world to be headed by a female leader (Gedmin

“Theory to Practice” Questions Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Theory to Practice† Questions Essay Read the â€Å"Theory to Practice† section at the end of Ch. 6 of the text. Answer Questions 1 through 6 based on the scenario in the â€Å"Theory to Practice† section, and complete the following in your response: †¢At the end of the scenario, BTT states that it is not interested in distributing Chou’s new strategy game, Strat. Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. At what point, if ever, did the parties have a contract? I do not believe that the parties ever had a contract. The scenario stated that the parties reached an oral agreement 3 days before the 90-day deadline that was stipulated in the negation contract. The exclusive negotiation agreement stipulated that no distribution contract existed unless it was in writing. Although a BTT manager sent Chou an e-mail that repeated the key terms of the distribution agreement, I do not believe this counts as a contract as being in writing because there are no signatures and Chou did not agree to it after he saw the e-mail even though he agreed to it orally. No contract was ever officially drafted in writing and agreed upon by both parties (signatures). What facts may weight in favor of or against Chou in terms of the parties’ objective intent to contract? The fact that BTT paid Chou $25,000 for exclusive negotiation rights would leave Chou to believe that BTT was serious about following through with a distribution contract. This fact would weigh in Choi’s favor. Unfortunately, even though the parties had an oral agreement, no written agreement was ever drafted within the timeframe stipulated on the negotiation agreement. The parties did have seem to have an objective intent to contract, but unfortunately, when new management came in, they were not interested in distributing Strat, and since there was no written contract, I believe they were within their rights to turn Chou away. Does the fact that the parties were communicating by e-mail have any impact on your on your analysis in Questions 1 and 2 (above)? No, the fact that the parties were communicating by e-mail did not have any impact on my analysis. E-mail is just that, e-mail. It is not a written contract; it is just another form of communication. These e-mails just sound like written communications that need to be put in the written contract and signed by all parties. Just because BTT sent, an e-mail outlining their verbal agreement with Chou does not make it a valid contract until it is in writing and signed by the parties involved. What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? Under the UCC, the statue of frauds applies to any contract for the sale of goods for $500.00 or more. Obviously, the negotiations between BTT and Chou are for more than $500.00, so the statute of frauds would apply here. For common law contracts, in general, the statute of frauds applies to contracts that cannot be performed in less than one year. Therefore, the statute would apply to this contract. The one element that is uniformly required is a signature of the party against whom enforcement of the contract is sought. There were no signatures to finalize the contract between BTT and Chou. Some courts have ruled that e-mails constitute signed writings within the meaning of statute of frauds since the name at the end of the e-mail signifies intent to authenticate its content. In this scenario, it is somewhat hard to come to this conclusion because it did not say if Chao responded to the e-mail containing the outline of the contract, which would have passed for his signature accordin g to some courts. Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake? Explain. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? BTT could not avoid this contract under the doctrine on mistake. A mistake is defined in contract law as a belief that is not in accord with the facts. I do not believe that the doctrine of mistake would have any bearing in this scenario. BTT’s best defense would be that Chou never signed any agreement in writing or via e-mail. They could say that Chou never agreed to this contract because there was no signature as according to the statute of frauds. Chou could argue that he did not believe there was an agreement since several months had passed since he heard from BTT. Assuming, argue do, that this e-mail does not constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? I think the fact that BTT gave Chou $25,000 for exclusive negotiating rights shows that BTT had the intent of signing a contract with Chou. The two parties also reached an initial oral agreement although oral agreements are hard to prove in court. BTT also sent Chou a fax asking him to send a draft for a distribution agreement contract. At the end of the scenario, BTT states that it is not interested in distributing Chou’s new strategy game, Strat. Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might, or might not apply. If BTT and Chou had a contract and BTT had breached the contract by not distributing the game, certain remedies might apply; specifically equitable remedies. Specific performance could be used to order BTT to render the promised performance by ordering them to take a specific action. Chou would also be able to seek compensatory damages. This would include out-of-pocket damages and potential profits that would have been earned if performance had occurred.

The Future Of Religion :: essays research papers

The future of religion 'In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters. And God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light…'(Gen 1:1.5) '…then the LORD God formed man of dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being. '(Gen 2:7) This part from the bible is a typical example of what people used to believe before scientists came and gave logical explanations to the questions of mankind.It is possible, of course, to define a non-supernatural "religious" worldview that is not in conflict with science. But in all of its traditional forms, the supernatural religious worldview makes the assumption that the universe and its inhabitants have been designed and created by "forces" or beings which transcend the material world. The material world is postula ted to reflect a mysterious plan originating in these forces or beings, a plan which is knowable by humans only to the extent that it has been revealed to an exclusive few. Criticising or questioning any part of this plan is strongly discouraged, especially where it touches on questions of morals or ethics. Science, on the other hand, assumes that there are no transcendent, immaterial forces and that all forces which do exist within the universe behave in an ultimately objective or random fashion. The nature of these forces, and all other scientific knowledge, is revealed only through human effort in a dynamic process of inquiry. The universe as a whole is assumed to be neutral to human concerns and to be open to any and all questions, even those concerning human ethical relationships. Such a universe does not come to us with easy answers. We must come to it and be prepared to work hard. According to Thomas W. Clark science and religion are in a battle from the day that scientists g ot in the fields of the theologises

The Fungal Species

The fungal species about 100 stains which were previously isolated at the laboratory of biology department king khalid university will be used in this study. Fungi will be cultured on potato dextrose agar pda medium for 7 days at 27  °c. Identification of these species will be done basically on their microscopical and cultural characteristics. The identity will be confirmed by amplification of its gene using universal primers. The fungal genomic dna extraction will be carried out using the qiagen dneasy plant/fungi mini kit protocol according to the nstructions. The its region of fungal dna will be amplified using the fungal specific-primer set: Its1-f cttggt cat tta gag gaa gta a and its4 r tcc tccgct tat tga tat gc as described by white et al. 1990 pcr reaction will be performed in a final volume of 50 ?L containing 10 mm tris-hcl 50mm kcl 1.5 m m mgcl2 each dntps at a concentration of 0.2 mm and 1.25 iu of taq polymerase. The amplification will be carried out by pcr. The initial denaturation temperature is 95  °c for 5 min followed by 40 cycles at 94  °c for 1 min 55  °c for 1 min 72  °c for 1 min; final extension at 72  °c for 10 min and holding at 4  °c. The amplified products will be examined by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gels in tae buffer. Then the pcr product will be purified and will be sent for sequencing at macrogen company korea. The its sequence of fungus isolate will be used for blast search in the embl genbank database. The sequence of the isolate will be further aligned and compared to publish its region sequences searched with the taxonomy browser of the national center for biotechnology information ncbi http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov and retrieved from genbank. Screening for mycogenic biosynthesis of ag-nps all the identified fungal species will be screened for the biogenic synthesis of ag-nps. For the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles the biomass of each isolated fungal species will be grown aerobically in cazpeks broth medium the inoculated flasks will be incubated on orbital shaker at 27 1  °c and with agitation at 150 rpm for 5 days. The fungal biomass then will be harvested after incubation by filtering using filter paper whatman no. 1 followed by three times of washing with distilled water to eradicate the residues of the medium from the biomass. Ten g fresh weight of mycelia will be added to 100 ml of sterilized double distilled water for 48 h at 27 1  °c in a 250 ml erlenmeyer flask with shaking again at 150 rpm. After the incubation the cell filtrate will be obtained by filtration through filter paper whatman no. 1. The filtrates will be inoculated with 1 mm silver nitrate agno3 solution and incubated at room temperature in dark abdel-hafez et al. 2016 the production of the nanoparticle will be checked visual by the changing the color into brown color. Cell-free filtrate without addition of silver nitrate will be severed as control. Purification of silver nanoparticles after formation the silver nanoparticles the agnps solution will be centrifuged at 10.000-14.000 rpm for 15-20 min. The supernatant will be excluded and the pellets will be dispersed with distilled water. This dispersion will be again centrifuged. The procedure will be repeated 3 times to clean agnps the free entities and unbound biological molecules. The purified formed pellets will be dried at 50-60  °c and stored in a brown-glass container for further characterization. Characterization of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles the obtained silver nanoparticles will be characterized using different advanced tools including uv -visible spectroscopy at absorption curve range between 410-480 nm. Determining of size and shape of agnps by electron microscopy sem will be carried out. Particle sizing experiments will be carried out by means of laser diffract meter using zeta sizer nano-series nano zs the crystallinity of agnps will be confirmed by their xrd pattern. Ft-ir spectra will be recorded in the range 4000–500 cm?1. Uv-visible spectrometry measurement: Biotransformation of metal ions will be affirmed by uv–visible spectroscopy measurement. Labomed uv–vis double beam within the wave length ranged from 200 to 600 nm will be used mourato et al. 2011 x-ray diffraction xrd measurement: Xrd technique will be used for examination of quality of the prepared nanoparticles. Xrd pattern of the obtained nanoparticles on glass material will be estimated in wide selection of bragg angles 2? At a scanning rate of 20 min-1. Fourier transform infrared ft-ir spectrometry analysis: Sample containing nanoparticles will be scanned by ft-ir spectrometry using a spectrophotometer. Ft-ir spectra will be scanned in rang 4000–400 cm–1 in ftir spectrometry at a resolution of one cm-1. Transmission electron microscopy tem the morphology and size of produced nanoparticles will be determined using tem. Antimicrobial activity of the characterized nanoparticles antimicrobial activities of ag-nps will be performed by the agar well diffusion method in muller hinton agar plates selvamohan et al. 2012 human pathogenic bacterial species such as escherichia coli pseudomonas sp. Proteus mirabilis klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus will be used for the assay. The bacterial species will be grown in muller hinton broth at 37 oc for 24 h. The bacterial growth will be prepared on agar medium and wells will be cut using sterile cork borer. In to the wells agnp will be applied at different concentration and incubated at 37 oc. The plates will be examined for appearance of inhibition zone and then their diameter will be measured and will be compared with standard antibiotic such ciprofloxacin. Optimization of silver nanoparticles for large scale production and stable mycofabrication of agnps using fungi it is necessary to investigate the ideal physical and chemical parameters required for the production of effective and small sized agnps mishra et al. 2014 different parameters such hydrogen-ion-concentration ph temperature t  °c concentration of silver nitrate agno3 and time t of reaction will be studied. The absorbance of the resulting solution after color change will be measured using uv–vis spectrophotometer. For each condition respective controls will be maintained.the length of the text: 6244 (no spaces: 5243)get new reportthe uniqueness of the text: 65.1 %we strongly recommend not to use this text for academic purposes   

Report On the Interview With Mtcp Participant Essay

Last Wednesday, 23 July 20003, I had an interview with one of the MTCP participants from Zimbabwe. We started our conversation at 9.21 pm. The conversation took about 2 hours to finish and it was held at 7th Block where all the participants reside. Firstly, I did some ice-breaking session with him. I introduced myself to him and after telling him the reasons why I need to interview him, he started to introduce himself. His name is Mr. Bernard , and his surname is Sitete. He came from Zimbabwe, South Africa. He work as an English lecturer at Nyadire Teachers College, Zimbabwe. He was married with one wife and two children. His wife work as a teacher at one of the secondary schools there. Zimbabwe has two ethnic group. The majority ethnic is Shona which consist 80% of the population. The other ethnic group is Ndebele which came from South Africa to Zimbabwe. Their official language is Shona , but there are some dialect that were used by people in certain area. Their official religion is Christian, but they prefer to use their own religion called Traditional African Religion. Traditional African Religion is quit the same with Christian. But, there are certain parts that show the major different with Christian. For Christian, they believe in Jesus Christ but for Traditional African Religion, they do not use Jesus Christ asking for something and to get to god . They use their own ancestors to ask for and to get to god. The religion belief in one god. For them to get to god, they must go through their ancestors. In their society, ancestors play big roles. To get through their ancestors, they have to do some ceremony as their way of praying. In the ceremony, they have to do hand-in-hand beer (made from traditional crops) drinking, dancing with certain steps, play drums, and so on. This ceremony was done to ensure their continuous contact with their ancestors. They do have their traditional costumes called Nhembe. They wear head dress, like a hat which made with feather and animal skins. Their body clothing was made with animal skins such as leopard, lion, tiger, cheetah, and so on. They do not wear any shoes. But now, they only use the traditional costumes when doing some traditional dance, festivals and ceremony. Nowadays, they use modern clothing like T-shirt, Jeans and so on. They also have their own taboos. They can’t have sex with their own mother, daughter, sister and anybody who have blood relationship. They also cannot beat their parents at all. If they do so, when their parents died, their soul will haunt them until all of their family died. The same case happened when they killed any human. It is because, they believe that when one person died, their soul will stay alive and will haunt the person who killed him or her. They also must respect the graves. They cannot show finger to the grave cause it will cause the soul of the graves will get angry and they will be cursed. They cannot marry in October cause this is the ‘dead month’. If they get married in this month, their marriage will not last and they will get misfortune. They also cannot have a bath in certain area where they believed that there are mermaids. The mermaids will take the persons. He also told me about the marriage customs. When they turned to 13 years old, they reach their maturity. So, they can get married. The woman has to go to the man’s family to ask them to propose her. After that, the man’s family will propose the woman and do some agreements about the marriage and also the Lobola ; also known as Dowry. The lobola can be some cash money or goats or sheep or anything else that was agreed by both families. The reasons of marriage are to connect two families. So, they do not mind if they cannot pay much for the lobola. The man also can borrow from the woman. But after marriage, the man has to pay the debt. If the debt cannot be paid until his wife die, the corpse cannot be buried. So he has to pay the debt first. In the society, they were allowed to polygamy, but the law banned polygamy. They have to register their marriage at the court but they also can get married traditionally. As in other ethnic culture, they also have their festivals. As a Christian follower, the celebrate Easter and Christmas. Their way of celebration is the same with any other place in the world. They also have their Rain Making Ceremony to ask for rain. They must do a dance to ask for the rain with their ancestors. They also have their own kind of Harvest Celebration. The celebration must be done in the kitchen. It symbolized their grateful to their ancestors for giving good harvest to them. Their traditional food is Sadza. Sadza is a maize meal. It cooked like porridge until it become quite thick. They eat Sadza with some curry and so on. They also eat rice. But they eat it in special occasions such as wedding, birthday and so on. Lastly, he told me that he like Malaysia. Malaysia is a nice country . It is very clean with many interesting buildings such as Petronas Twin Tower, Kuala Lumpur Tower, Telekom Tower and many more. This country also has many places of interest. For him, the weather here is too hot, but he likes it. The conversation ended after two hours. Before I left, we shared our address in order to keep in touch with him.

Business

Business Introduction There has been an increased level of business competition in the business environment as a result of the highly dynamic nature of the current world, as well as the rapidly changing customer needs. The advancement in technology has also been a factor that has contributed to the increase in the level of competition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business-Level Strategy: Alibaba specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations find themselves under pressure because they need to maintain their high performance, despite the stiff competition facing them (Hill and Jones 10). They strive to emerge the most competitive or get the highest share of the market to maximize their sales and profitability. A business organization that needs to be in a position to compete favorably is required to have a strategic plan that is usually developed by the strategic managers. Strategic management usually constitutes the formu lation of the primary objectives that a company wants to achieve in a specified period (Hill and Jones 11). The plan outlines how the objectives are to be achieved, given the available resources, internal, as well as the external environment in which the business is operating. Strategic management typically provides direction on how the organizational goals will be achieved. It also generates policies and guidelines on how the available resources should be allocated to maximize the company’s potential. In business, there could be business level strategies that generally guide the operations of that specific company. This essay will focus on the business level strategies of Alibaba. Alibaba is a company that is based in China, and it provides online business services to its clients. E-commerce has become increasingly common in organizations following the current advancements in technology. Technology has led to the establishment of organizations like Alibaba, whose core busine ss is e-commerce. The company has adopted a generic strategy, as well as a grand strategy that has been guiding its business activities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alibaba’s Generic Strategy The generic strategy that the company has adopted is cost leadership. It is a strategy whereby the company sells its goods at a low price. It is also a strategy that normally targets the mass market. Most customers are willing to buy goods at the lowest possible price, but they want quality products at the same time (Kozami 32). Alibaba has been able to lower its costs of operation through the use of technology. As mentioned earlier, the company’s core business is based on e-commerce. It means that technology is the major factor towards the success of Alibaba’s business. It is imperative to note that technology has been essential in the cost reduction of many organizations across the world. Alibaba is a company that sells goods at a relatively small price. First, it has been able to reduce its operations costs because the costs that are related to stock are either not incurred, or they are very low. The company does not need to have warehouses for storing finished goods. Instead, the goods are displayed on the website, whereby the customers can view them online and make the purchases through the online purchase methods that have been provided on the Internet by Alibaba. Operating as an online business contributes to huge reductions in the cost of holding stock, ordering costs, and other stock related costs. Secondly, the company does not have physical shops or outlet stores. It means that Alibaba does not incur costs like rent for the stores or lease costs. Therefore, Alibaba can cut down its operation costs significantly, as well as other expenses that the company is either able to eradicate or reduce significantly by virtue of being an online business. The benefits are reflected in the selling price of goods and services that the company offers. One important point that should be noted is that the primary objective of the company is to provide a basis through which the Chinese manufacturers can link up with customers from overseas. It means that Alibaba does not actually have its stock, which reduces the operational costs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business-Level Strategy: Alibaba specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The buyers from the international market can search for goods manufactured in China through the help of the shopping search engine that is provided by Alibaba. They also can make orders online from the Alibaba website. From the other end, the manufacturers can see the orders and organize deliveries. However, Alibaba charges a small fee for the service. Alibaba enables the manufacturers’ goods to be viewed by many peo ple, thereby increasing the chances of making high sales for the manufacturers. The costs are, therefore, low on the side of the customer. It should be noted that the customers of Alibaba are the manufacturers or companies whose goods are available on the website, as well as the overseas buyers. The international customer does not have to travel all the way to China to make a purchase or view the goods. Therefore, the buyer can reduce costs significantly. On the other hand, the manufacturer does not have to open stores overseas for displaying goods. Therefore, the manufacturer can reduce the operations costs because they are not necessarily required to open stores. The reduction of costs reflects on the selling price of the company’s goods because they are relatively low-priced. Alibabas strategy is based on cost leadership; therefore, it aims to lower the operating costs as much as possible. It also targets the mass market where many people can access the website. Alibabaâ⠂¬â„¢s Grand Strategy The grand strategy is more or less the same as the corporate strategy of a business. It is a strategy that guides the operations of an enterprise organization and shapes the business, in general. Grand strategies help a business to achieve its long-term goals and objectives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, in its grand strategy, a business organization should plan all its operations right from its product design and development to liquidation. Different business organizations have different grand strategies, based on the nature of the business and their surrounding situations. The major factors that are notable in grand strategic planning are market growth, product development, strategic alliances, organization development, and turnaround strategies, among others (Kozami 169). The grand strategy of Alibaba is market growth. The company looks into a future whereby it will have more people seeking its services. It wants to expand its services such that users will be in a position to find whatever they want in the website. According to Mr. Joe Tsai, who is the executive vice chairman of the organization, Alibaba wishes to stretch its services to banking, entertainment, education, and travel, among other areas of operations (Carsten and Miller par. 3). The company also wishes t o develop a mobile application whereby customers will be able to purchase mutual funds from Alibaba using their phones. In addition, the company aims to offer insurance services whereby customers will be able to safeguard their homes using insurance cover that will be referred to as the Alibaba Insurance. It will also create an Alibaba credit card that will facilitate the ordering process and speed up delivery of the ordered goods. Alibaba wishes to reach as many customers as possible in the future. It wants to expand its market in any area that will be effective in increasing the number of users that will be visiting the website in the search for various services. Once the company can expand its market, it will be in a position to increase the sales and revenue it gets from the services it offers. There are a number of advantages that are associated with the grand strategy that Alibaba has sought to adapt. The market growth strategy is a strategy whereby the company bears a very lo w risk in relation to other grand strategies. The company can decide to expand its market through expanding the market niche of its products. It means that Alibaba will not have to invest in research and development or create new products; this lowers risks significantly. On the other hand, the company can decide to develop new products with the aim of expanding its market. Expansion should come after a comprehensive market feasibility study to determine what the market needs. If the company conducts the market feasibility study, then it lowers the risks as it is sure of what the market needs before developing or producing the same. In the case of Alibaba, it does not need to establish links with various manufacturing and service companies. Consequently, it will be able to provide the various services to the different customers and expand its market growth. The company will face very small or no risks in executing this strategy. How Well Alibaba’s Current Strategy is working and the Major Strategic Issues that Management Needs to Address Having been established in the year 1999 and grown to become one of the largest e-commerce companies in the world, it is an indication that Alibaba’s strategy is working in its favor. It is an approach that has enabled Alibaba to achieve its objectives, both in the short-run and in the long-run. The cost-leadership generic strategy has helped Alibaba acquire many customers, thereby maximizing its sales and revenues. Alibaba helps in simplifying the process of buying goods sold through its website without compromising the quality. The simple process of purchasing items on the website could, probably, be the major factor that has led to the company achieving the success it has acquired today. It is expected that pursuing this strategy will lead to more success in the future. On the other hand, the grand strategy of Alibaba is to expand its market in the future and get as many users as it can. It is also a strategy that is highly viable. It puts Alibaba in a prime position for success in the future by the virtue of it being a low-risk strategy. It is important to note that managers of organizations are always looking for ways that can increase the business performance, but maintain as little risk as possible at the same time. Managers aim to maximize returns at the lowest risk possible (Kozami 34). Through its current grand strategy, Alibaba will be able to reduce the risk and at the same time increase its users and its performance. The strategy is working for the company, as Alibaba has been engaged in various additional services, such as the venture into the entertainment industry, among others. The only major strategic issue that the management of Alibaba should, probably, address is the market growth strategy. In the growth strategy, Alibaba’s management might need to invest in more research and development. The company may need to understand the current market trends, the changing needs of customers, and the varying demands of goods and services. In doing so, it will be in a position to offer products and services that the market needs, rather than offering many services that may not be required by the customers. The market research should consider the fact that the needs of clients are changing rapidly, thereby calling for organizations to be highly dynamic. Organizations that fail to evolve with the needs of the clients stand a high chance of being rivaled. Strategic Options that Seem Viable for Alibaba First, it should be noted that the current generic strategy best fits Alibaba. Moreover, it may not be feasible to adopt other generic strategies. For instance, it might be difficult to adopt the differentiation strategy, given the fact that Alibaba does not produce goods on its own. Moreover, it would be difficult to influence the quality of products. In addition, it would not be easy to limit the availability of the website to specific classes of customers . Therefore, the cost-leadership strategy could be the only viable generic strategy for Alibaba to adopt. On the other hand, Alibaba has a viable option in its grand strategy. It can opt to adopt strategic alliances as a grand strategy. This is a strategy that will more or less serve a similar purpose as the current market growth strategy. In the strategic alliance strategy, the company will seek to collaborate with other organizations that have goods or services that will boost its operations. Strategic Recommendation(s)/Conclusion Alibaba has been able to achieve great success in its operations over the years. It is an indication that Alibaba has a strategy that has been working well. The cost leadership strategy has been highly successful for the company. In fact, this could be the only viable generic strategy that the company has because the others, differentiation and focus strategies, might difficult to even integrate or establish in its operations. The grand strategy has also been successful and helped the company achieve its objectives. However, I would recommend that the company should combine its market growth strategy with the strategic alliance strategy. Although either of the two strategies would achieve good results, a combination of the two would increase the magnitude of success because the company would be able to expand its market growth. At the same time, it would also be able to create alliances with other business organizations that would boost it in its strategizing activities. Alibaba would collaborate with organizations that would complement its operations. This would have an enormous impact in terms of organizational growth and development, as well as goal achievement. Alibaba, therefore, does not need to change its current strategy, but it may opt to combine the two strategies, which are market growth strategy and strategic alliances for better results. Carsten, Paul, and Matthew Miller. Alibaba’s Grand Vision for E-Commerce E mpire Includes Insurance Wells Media Group, 2014. Web. https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2014/04/03/325351.htm Hill, Charles W. L., and Gareth R. Jones. Strategic Management. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. Kozami, Azhar. Business Policy and Strategic Management. New-Delhi: McGraw-Hill Published, 2005. Print.

Free Essays on Gays, Lesbians, Transsexuals And Transvestites

Over the past twenty years, the acceptance of homosexuality and positive change for gay right movements has steadily grown. Currently, â€Å"50% of Americans say society should accept homosexuality.† Our society and government strive so hard for equality yet discriminate against gays and lesbians. I think homosexuals should have the right to choose their own happiness and path of life. Another person’s preferences and attractions should not be criticized by others. Individuality is an important aspect of our society and gays and lesbians should not be persecuted for their beliefs, morals or values they choose to uphold. The disapproval of gays and lesbians stems from ignorance, being deviant from the norm, the need to prove manhood, hate and decades of conditioning. I am not a discriminatory person and therefore do not treat gays and lesbians, differently than others. Although I may not agree with everything they do, there is no reason to treat homosexuals with disrespect. I know many gay men and a few lesbians and support their decisions to date and love whoever makes them happy. Frankly, I was a little taken back the first time I saw one of my best friends, who is gay, kiss his boyfriend. It is difficult to alter your conditioned mind to be open and understanding. Lesbians are more of a sensitive issue for me, opposed to gay men. I think I would be uncomfortable around lesbians displaying affection towards one another. I do not like to offend or hurt people and I think my feelings of shock and awkwardness would be apparent on my face. I do not have a phobia against lesbians and would be a friend to them just as I am to everyone else. Gays and lesbians do not treat me any different than any other person in society. Gay men are friendly with me and always ask me to go shopping with them. I love to shop, especially with my gay friends because they definitely have a great style. Sometimes, gays and lesbians may not respond as wel... Free Essays on Gays, Lesbians, Transsexuals And Transvestites Free Essays on Gays, Lesbians, Transsexuals And Transvestites Over the past twenty years, the acceptance of homosexuality and positive change for gay right movements has steadily grown. Currently, â€Å"50% of Americans say society should accept homosexuality.† Our society and government strive so hard for equality yet discriminate against gays and lesbians. I think homosexuals should have the right to choose their own happiness and path of life. Another person’s preferences and attractions should not be criticized by others. Individuality is an important aspect of our society and gays and lesbians should not be persecuted for their beliefs, morals or values they choose to uphold. The disapproval of gays and lesbians stems from ignorance, being deviant from the norm, the need to prove manhood, hate and decades of conditioning. I am not a discriminatory person and therefore do not treat gays and lesbians, differently than others. Although I may not agree with everything they do, there is no reason to treat homosexuals with disrespect. I know many gay men and a few lesbians and support their decisions to date and love whoever makes them happy. Frankly, I was a little taken back the first time I saw one of my best friends, who is gay, kiss his boyfriend. It is difficult to alter your conditioned mind to be open and understanding. Lesbians are more of a sensitive issue for me, opposed to gay men. I think I would be uncomfortable around lesbians displaying affection towards one another. I do not like to offend or hurt people and I think my feelings of shock and awkwardness would be apparent on my face. I do not have a phobia against lesbians and would be a friend to them just as I am to everyone else. Gays and lesbians do not treat me any different than any other person in society. Gay men are friendly with me and always ask me to go shopping with them. I love to shop, especially with my gay friends because they definitely have a great style. Sometimes, gays and lesbians may not respond as wel...

Simplest Formula From Percent Composition

Simplest Formula From Percent Composition This is a worked example chemistry problem to calculate the simplest formula from the percent composition. Simplest Formula from Percent Composition Problem Vitamin C contains three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Analysis of pure vitamin C indicates that the elements are present in the following mass percentages: C 40.9H 4.58O 54.5 Use the data to determine the simplest formula for vitamin C. Solution We want to find the number of moles of each element in order to determine the ratios of the elements and the formula. To make the calculation easy (i.e., let the percentages convert directly to grams), lets assume we have 100 g of vitamin C. If you are given mass percentages, always work with a hypothetical 100-gram sample. In a 100 gram sample, there are 40.9 g C, 4.58 g H, and 54.5 g O. Now, look up the atomic masses for the elements from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be: H is 1.01C is 12.01O is 16.00 The atomic masses provide a moles-per-gram conversion factor. Using the conversion factor, we can calculate the moles of each element: moles C 40.9 g C x 1 mol C / 12.01 g C 3.41 mol Cmoles H 4.58 g H x 1 mol H / 1.01 g H 4.53 mol Hmoles O 54.5 g O x 1 mol O / 16.00 g O 3.41 mol O The numbers of moles of each element are in the same ratio as the number of atoms C, H, and O in vitamin C. To find the simplest whole number ratio, divide each number by the smallest number of moles: C: 3.41 / 3.41 1.00H: 4.53 / 3.41 1.33O: 3.41 / 3.41 1.00 The ratios indicate that for every one carbon atom there is one oxygen atom. Also, there are 1.33 4/3 hydrogen atoms. (Note: converting the decimal to a fraction is a matter of practice! You know the elements must be present in whole number ratios, so look for common fractions and become familiar with the decimal equivalents for fractions so you can recognize them.) Another way to express the atom ratio is to write it as 1 C : 4/3 H : 1 O. Multiply by three to obtain the smallest whole-number ratio, which is 3 C: 4 H : 3 O. Thus, the simplest formula of vitamin C is C3H4O3. Answer C3H4O3 Second Example This is another  worked example chemistry problem to calculate the simplest formula from the percent composition. Problem The mineral cassiterite is a compound of tin and oxygen. Chemical analysis of cassiterite shows that the mass percentages of tin and oxygen are 78.8 and 21.2, respectively. Determine the formula of this compound. Solution We want to find the number of moles of each element in order to determine the ratios of the elements and the formula. To make the calculation easy (i.e., let the percentages convert directly to grams), lets assume we have 100 g of cassiterite. In a 100 gram sample, there are 78.8 g Sn and 21.2 g O. Now, look up the atomic masses for the elements from the  Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be: Sn is 118.7O is 16.00 The atomic masses provide  a moles-per-gram conversion factor. Using the conversion factor, we can calculate the moles of each element: moles Sn 78.8 g Sn x 1 mol Sn / 118.7 g Sn 0.664 mol Snmoles O 21.2 g O x 1 mol O / 16.00 g O 1.33 mol O The numbers of moles of each element are in the same ratio as the number of atoms Sn and O in cassiterite. To find the simplest whole number ratio, divide each number by the smallest number of moles: Sn: 0.664 / 0.664 1.00O: 1.33 / 0.664 2.00 The ratios indicate that there is one  tin atom for every two  oxygen atoms. Thus, the  simplest formula  of cassiterite is SnO2. Answer SnO2

Interacial marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interacial marriage - Essay Example Hohman (2002) relates this to cultural intolerance. Family members quest to protect their own culture prompt many to encourage marriage from the same race. Those involved in interracial relationships are perceived to be endangering their indigenous culture. Intolerance problem may persist especially in families who are cocooned in their traditional beliefs and are opposed to multicultural approaches. Families would go to the largest expend to protect their values. These values may be oppressing to some extent. The social status of an individual could be affected in an event family members are not familiar with interracial marriages. Stereotype is a major concern to those involved in interracial marriages. Family members could neglect or reject children from mixed races. This may have psychological effect to the children and their parents. Mockery and verbal abuses directed to such children could affect their social wellbeing. The parents’ role in crucial family decision-making processes could be minimized on the assumption that marring from a different race makes them less equal to other family members. In conclusion, one marring from a different race could caught between prioritizing his or her new family and protecting the values of the extended family. Family members may feel betrayed in an event choices do not favor their wishes. The married couple could face a psychological war triggered by other family members. Children would suffer the most as they would face stereotypes and could be subjected neglect to do their cross-cultural approach. In the end, family members could be the reason as to why such marriages may fail to

Chivalry among men in the novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chivalry among men in the novel - Essay Example Despite their difference in origin, the two terms referred so much to a similar class of soldiers with similar ideals in proper behavior and conduct that the terms can now be used almost interchangeably. However, the word ‘chivalry’ still works to connote more of the honor code that was held among these fighters, such as the duty to uphold one’s honor regardless of the cost and the charge to protect a woman’s honor to an even greater extent. The Catholic Encyclopedia offers the most complete definition of what the word came to mean by the time Dumas wrote his novel: â€Å"Chivalry †¦ as an institution is to be considered from three points of view: the military, the social, and the religious† (Moeller, 2006). The ideals contained in these three areas can be traced throughout Alexandre Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers through the characters of D’Artagnan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis. At the very beginning of the novel, the concept of chivalry is introduced as a principle part of D’Artagnan’s upbringing as the reader is given a glimpse into the young man’s leave-taking of his parents. His father advises him, â€Å"At Court, if you ever go to Court, ... be honest and above board with everyone. Always remember your rank and carry on the tradition of good behaviour which your family has been true to for the past five hundred years. †¦ Stand no nonsense from anyone but the King and the Cardinal. Remember, nowadays it’s only by personal courage that a man can get on in the world† (Dumas, 1982, p. 29). This speech sets the tone very early on by which D’Artagnan’s life is to be characterized. In all of his actions, he is expected to be truthful, honest, above board and courageous, repaying every insult given him with immediate and swift retaliation. It also becomes apparent during this speech that D’Artagnan i s indeed of an ancestral line capable of attaining knighthood and is

Chapter 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 9 - Essay Example The environment itself as the public sees it is what is around us. We see that we have a responsibility not to destroy it. It is where we live and what supports our life and all of the life around us. We also have a social responsibility but it is different in many ways. 2. Everywhere there is an abundance of the leftovers of business and our town is no exception. This includes wood, cans, paper, and plastic to name a few. There is smoke from smokestacks and pollution from vehicles getting there and transporting. There are many recycling efforts in play especially for cans, paper and plastic. Most of the companies that bring things in on pallets allow people to use the wood for projects and for burning if they wish so that helps. The air pollutions does not seem to be dealt with a lot though the water is being recycled as much as possible. 3. The issue of global warming is tremendously large. There are many things affecting it. Those countries that were not industrialized before are and the carbon products they are putting in the air are quite large. The rain forests that have filtered the air for generations are being removed for people to live there. There are more cars on the road in more countries than ever before. The ice sheets are melting, the permafrost is melting. It is a giant problem.

Rogerian Theory includes the concept of Necessary and Sufficient Essay

Rogerian Theory includes the concept of Necessary and Sufficient conditions for client change. Discuss these conditions in DETAIL - Essay Example The conditions include: The two people he referred to were the patient and his therapist. The first condition states that there has to be a relationship in terms of psychological contact for change to occur. He, however, indicates that this condition is a hypothesis and is open to disapproval (Sharf, 2012). By saying this, he means that for a change to occur there has to be dissimilarity between the client’s actual experience and his or her self picture the experience. This implies that the client has to be in a state of inadequacy (Sharf, 2012). Unlike the client, Carl suggests that the therapist has to be himself and his actual experiences have to be accurately represented by the knowledge he has of himself. He has to be in a state of adequacy. It is only through this that the change can occur. By saying this, he means that the therapist has to experience a warm acceptance of the client’s incongruence or inadequacy as being part of the client. This means that the therapist must not have conditions for accepting a client (Sharf, 2012). All clients must be equally accepted regardless of their experiences. The therapist must sense his or her client’s private world, in a way, that feels like it was his own, but without losing the congruence to his own knowledge of himself. His remarks and assertions should conform to the client’s content and mood, and he should be in a position to comprehend the client’s feelings. This is called empathy. This implies that the client must understand, to a minimal degree, the empathy and acceptance he or she is offered by the therapist. It is only when some aspects of these attitudes are perceived that change can occur (Sharf,

Analysis of Case studies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Case studies - Research Paper Example While they had previously taken an active approach to advertising their nursing formulas, they now stepped back and adopted an approach that was basically hands off. The official statement in these regards reads, â€Å"Nestle leaves the recommendation of appropriate breast-milk substitutes to health professionals and for almost 20 years has stopped all promotion of infant formula to the public.† In terms of theoretical perspectives one notes that Nestle has shifted from a semiotic understanding of consumers as entirely alien to one wherein they represent While Nestle has taken a hands-off approach to advertising its formula, the fact remains that the products still exist. In these regards, one must consider that there may be an element of moral deafness occurring. This is the theoretical perspective wherein members of a company neglect the immoral aspects of the company for a variety of socially conditioned reasons. This is a highly complex issue that would require insight fro m medicine and health professionals to determine the extent that consuming nursing formulas over breast-feeding represents a significant health risk. From a cursory perspective, it seems that there are viable reasons for the existence of milk formula and that its production alone does not count as an element of moral deafness. ... the accusation that McDonalds had duped customers into believing that their French fries were vegetarian, when in actuality that included beef extract. This controversy sparked off outrage throughout the world, most markedly in India where vegetarianism is not simply matter of personal or political choice, but of religious significance. McDonalds was targeted with a multi-billion dollar class action lawsuit that contended the company had purposely been deceitful in this process. When examining the issue in terms of contemporary communication theory a number of insights can be articulated in regards to how McDonald’s handled the situation. The major theoretical lens through which this issue can be understood examines it in terms of noise; in large, part this is represented through the encoder, message, channel, decoder spectrum of understanding. Where along the lines McDonald’s message was either purposely obfuscated, or structured in such a way that it signification was misunderstood by individuals along the path of codification. In large part, McDonald’s took a clear and direct approach to its handling of the situation. Rather than attempting to cover up the incident or denying that it occurred McDonald’s issue a clear and direct apology to those concerned with the incident. The apology outlined in detail McDonald’s production process, including demonstrating that in certain areas beef products were utilized in production; however, in Middle Eastern countries and India, where the utilization of beef products was of primary concern they were not utilized. In addition to the effectiveness of the communication response that was implemented, McDonald’s also utilized adequate financial incentives to back up its apology. In these regards, nearly $10 million

Rogerian Theory includes the concept of Necessary and Sufficient Essay

Rogerian Theory includes the concept of Necessary and Sufficient conditions for client change. Discuss these conditions in DETAIL - Essay Example The conditions include: The two people he referred to were the patient and his therapist. The first condition states that there has to be a relationship in terms of psychological contact for change to occur. He, however, indicates that this condition is a hypothesis and is open to disapproval (Sharf, 2012). By saying this, he means that for a change to occur there has to be dissimilarity between the client’s actual experience and his or her self picture the experience. This implies that the client has to be in a state of inadequacy (Sharf, 2012). Unlike the client, Carl suggests that the therapist has to be himself and his actual experiences have to be accurately represented by the knowledge he has of himself. He has to be in a state of adequacy. It is only through this that the change can occur. By saying this, he means that the therapist has to experience a warm acceptance of the client’s incongruence or inadequacy as being part of the client. This means that the therapist must not have conditions for accepting a client (Sharf, 2012). All clients must be equally accepted regardless of their experiences. The therapist must sense his or her client’s private world, in a way, that feels like it was his own, but without losing the congruence to his own knowledge of himself. His remarks and assertions should conform to the client’s content and mood, and he should be in a position to comprehend the client’s feelings. This is called empathy. This implies that the client must understand, to a minimal degree, the empathy and acceptance he or she is offered by the therapist. It is only when some aspects of these attitudes are perceived that change can occur (Sharf,

Restructuring in business portfolio or its financing Essay

Restructuring in business portfolio or its financing - Essay Example This company has more than 70 establishments in more than 150 countries worldwide. (gsk.com, 2009) The restructuring of the company’s portfolio or capital structure can be attributed to the strategic priorities it seeks to undertake. As of 2008, the CEO of this company, Andrew Witty, stated that the GlaxoSmithKline Company had three main strategic priorities. The aim of these was to achieve sturdy growth rates, reduce the level of risk as well as improve the performance (financially) in the long-term operations of the business. According to the CEO, the industry of pharmaceuticals is set to encounter big challenges since there will be an unpredicted number that will lose their patent protection. This, thus, will call for the company to work even harder to fulfill the client demand for brand new types of medicines and those which are better to use. As he states it, the loss of patenting will lead to a number of payers wanting an apt cost-effective kind of healthcare. This pharmaceutical company is therefore setting out to improve the consumers and patients’ lives, which is in line with the shareholders’ requirements. He did not go without noting that the industry is faced with a lot of risk and a lower rate of growth to counter the same. Therefore, the companies in context need to seek greater levels of return from their R&D investments. Unique to the expansion of the GlaxoSmithKline Company is its balanced healthcare business-group as well as an overall lesser profile of risks. The aim is, thus, to ensure a better level of discipline in the provision of capital components across the various areas of the company’s businesses. This company has a future goal of generating sales revenue growth by way of supplementing strength focused on the main small-molecule business of pharmaceuticals. This will also be through new investments in the vaccines area, which is considered to be fast growing, and also the

Minerals and Energy Resources Essay Example for Free

Minerals and Energy Resources Essay We require metals for making machines, sands and gravels for making roads and buildings,  sand for making computer chips, limestone and gypsum for making concrete, clays for making ceramics, gold, silver, copper and aluminum for making electric circuits, and diamonds  and corundum (sapphire, ruby, emerald) for abrasives and jewelry. A mineral deposit is a volume of rock enriched in one or more materials. In this sense a mineral refers to a useful material, a definition that is different from the way we defined a mineral back in Chapter Here the word mineral can be any substance that comes from the Earth. Finding and exploiting mineral deposits requires the application of the principles of geology that you have learned throughout this course. Some minerals are used as they are found in the ground, i. e. they require no further processing or very little processing. For example gemstones, sand, gravel, and  salt (halite). Most minerals must be processed before they are used. For example: * Iron is the found in abundance in minerals, but the process of extracting iron from different minerals varies in cost depending on the mineral. It is least costly to extract the iron from oxide minerals like hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), or limonite [Fe(OH)]. Although iron also occurs in olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles, and biotite, the concentration of iron in these minerals is less, and cost of extraction is increased because strong bonds between iron, silicon, and oxygen must be broken. * Aluminum is the third most abundant mineral in the Earths crust. It occurs in the most common minerals of the crust the feldspars (NaAlSi3O8, KalSi3O8, ; CaAl2Si2O8, but the cost of extracting the Aluminum from these minerals is high. Thus, deposits containing the mineral gibbsite [Al(OH)3], are usually sought. This explains why recycling of Aluminum is cost effective, since the Aluminum does not have to be separated from oxygen or silicon. Because such things as extraction costs, manpower costs, and energy costs vary with time and from country to country, what constitutes an  economically viable deposit  of minerals varies considerably in time and place. In general, the higher the concentration of the substance, the more economical it is to mine. Thus we define an ore as a mineral deposit from which one or more valuable substances can be extracted economically. Extraction of this oil also requires heating the rock and is therefore energy intensive and not currently cost effective Coal Coal  is a sedimentary/metanorphic rock produced in swamps where there is a large-scale accumulation of organic matter from plants. As the plants die they accumulate to first become peat. Compaction of the peat due to burial drives off   volatile components like water and methane, eventually producing a black- colored organic- rich coal called lignite. Further compaction and heating results in a more carbon- rich coal called bituminous coal. If the rock becomes metamorphosed, a high grade coal called anthracite is produced. However, if temperatures and pressures become extremely high, all of the carbon is converted to graphite. Graphite will burn only at high temperatures and is therefore not useful as an energy source. Anthracite coal produces the most energy when burned, with less energy produced by bituminous coal and lignite. Coal is found in beds called seams, usually ranging in thickness from 0. 5 to 3m, although some seams reach 30 m. Two major coal producing periods are known in geologic history. During the Carboniferous and Permian Periods, the continents were apparently located near the equator and covered by shallow seas. This type of environment favored the growth of vegetation and rapid burial to produce coal. Known reserves of coal far exceed those of other fossil fuels, and may be our best bet for an energy source of the future. Still, burning of the lower grades of coal, like lignite and bituminous coal produces large amounts of waste products that pollute the atmosphere. This problem needs to be overcome before we can further exploit this source of energy. Bottom of Form

Applications of Counselling Psychology

Applications of Counselling Psychology Case Study D: Psychodynamic Formulation Pete is a 34 year old male, self-referred to therapy due to his recently developed fear of dogs that is disrupting his work and social life. He also feels distressed by his recent separation from his partner Sarah, which he attributes to job promotions and extra work responsibilities. Pete appears to be consuming large amounts of alcohol on a daily basis and has become solitary in an attempt to manage his feelings of low mood, hopelessness and fear. Based on developmental theories (Freud 1905, Erikson 1950, Bowlby,1969), research suggests that’s individuals are deeply influenced by physical and emotional experiences, as well as the emotional atmosphere they are exposed to in early life (Kegerreis, 2010). Consequently, the most beneficial orientation to help explain and overcome Pete’s obstacles would be from a psychodynamic approach. This is a suitable orientation for this client as it addresses the past influences on Pete’s current fears and anxieties. Further background information, reveals Pete is the youngest of two siblings and has never suffered from phobic episodes or holds history of any previous mental instability. Importantly, Pete recalls parental tension and conflict throughout his childhood up until his parents divorced when he was aged 11 and also expresses a divide between himself and his father caused by family tension, which is still relevant today (See Kalmijn, 2013). Most significantly, Pete recalls a particular memory from his childhood in which he spent a uncomfortable weekend at his father’s home and only gained comfort through spending time with his father’s Alsatian dog. Based on the underlying influence of past events throughout Pete’s childhood, the preferred psychotherapeutic orientation for this client’s clinical formulation would be based on a psychodynamic theoretical perspective. This psychodynamic formulation acknowledges that it is through predisposing factors that Pete may be experiencing an underlying unconscious fear of relationship breakdown. A fear that is precipitated by both conscious and unconscious thoughts and feelings that stem from his childhood and are increasing levels of anxieties regarding his relationship breakdown with wife Sarah. It is reasonable to presume that the current trouble between himself and his wife, thought to be caused by extra work responsibilities, has resurfaced these childhood memories consequently triggering his new found phobia of dogs. As this is a completely new phobia it can be suggested that it is actually a displaced fear based on experiences within his past and further perpetuated by memories of his parents failed relationship. Freud (1915) believed that all human behaviour has a significant meaningful and motivated purpose in which anxieties and fears are very often connected with a combination of hidden feelings from the past. Often these feelings from childhood become repressed and proceed to manifest themselves as other negative symptoms in adulthood. Seemingly obscure behaviours, such as Pete’s recently developed fear of dogs, can attempt to be explained by unconscious motivations from which hidden meanings can be interpreted and it is reasonable to presume that the initial fear of which Pete has sort help for was triggered by feelings of anxiety and stress brought on by his increased employability responsibility and the impact this had on his current martial relationship. However, Pete’s fear of dogs is not the leading concern and there appears to be one central pervasive issue underlying the current problems in Pete’s life which can be traced back through his personal history. Re inforced through the use of Malan’s (1995) Triangle of persons as a means of relating transference matters between Client and therapist, it can be observed that Pete possesses a main underlying fear of relationship breakdown which has manifested itself as a displaced fear of dogs, subsequently based on Pete’s childhood memories, lack of relationship with his father and feeling towards him as the main antagonist in his parents failed relationship. Supported by research (Cui Fincham, 2010), it appears that Pete is predisposed to possess such fears due to influential events in his childhood, mainly the breakdown of his parents relationship and the tensions and conflicts this created as a result, further reinforced by his mother’s recalled negative view that â€Å"marriages never work.. they just end in hurt†. In an unconscious attempt to resolve these problems and alleviate symptoms of anxiety Pete has begun utilising the consumption of alcohol in an attempt to remain in control over his life. However this behaviour is in fact maintaining and reinforcing Pete’s problemsand a basic principle of the Psychodynamic model proposes that internal unresolved conflicts derived from early childhood development tend to repeat themselves in adult relationships if not resolved. These maladaptive behaviours are further perpetuating his current problems and increasing Pete’s fear and belief that this relationship b reakdown is out of his control and the past will indefinitely repeat itself. As based on the rationale that an individual’s behaviours and cognitions are influenced by unconscious thought processes and emotions from within the clients past , it is suggested that psychoanalysis would be the most beneficial treatment. The classical technique of psychoanalysis is based on conflict theory (Erikson 1950) and places emphasis on both the past and present with the aim of making the unconscious conscious. It is also widely renowned for its ability to help clients develop insight into the cause of deep-rooted problems that stem from childhood through the exploration and clarification of the clients expressed thoughts and feelings (Compton, 1990).In this way Pete is encouraged to engage in free association and express any thoughts that arise during the session. This allows the therapist to try and reveal the unconscious thoughts and memories possessed by the Pete, in order to make sense of the origins of the problem Throughout the sessions Pete will also be encou raged to engage in transference and transfer feelings he has towards important people in his life, such as his parents onto the therapist as a means of understanding the influential relationships within his life (Freud, 1914). In order to represent the interactions between these elements diagrams shown in Figure 1 an 2 (See Appendices) will be utilised (Malan, 1979,1995). It is generally proposed that Pete would attend around 4 sessions a week in order to provide a setting to explore these unconscious patterns, and try to make sense of them solely concentrated on the achievement of a cathartic experience through analysis. Appendices Figure 1. Triangle of Persons (Malan, 1995) Figure2. Triangle of Conflict (Malan, 1979) References Auld, F., Hyman, M. (1991). Resolution of inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Bowlby J. (1969).Attachment. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Loss.New York: Basic Books. Compton, A. (1990). Psychoanalytic process. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 59, 585-598. Cui, M., Fincham, F. D. (2010). The differential effects of parental divorce and marital conflict on young adult romantic relationships.Personal Relationships,17(3), 331-343. Erikson, E. H. (1950).Childhood and Society. New York: Norton. Freud, S. (1914), Repeating, Remembering and Working Through, Standard Edition, 12:147-56. Freud, S. (1905).Three essays on the theory of sexuality. Se, 7. Freud, S. (1984a).The unconscious. In A. Richards (Ed.),The Pelican Freud library: Vol. 11. On metapsychology: The theory of psychoanalysis (pp. 159–222). Harmondsworth: Penguin. (Original work published 1915) Kalmijn, M. (2013). Long-term effects of divorce on parent–child relationships: Within-family comparisons of fathers and mothers.European sociological review,29(5), 888-898. Kegerreis, S. (2010).Psychodynamic Counselling with Children and Young People: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Malan, D. H. (1979).Individual psychotherapy and the science of psychodynamics. London: Butterworths. Malan,D. H(1995).Individual psychotherapy and the science of psychodynamics(2nd ed). Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann.

The Human Function Argument Essay -- Philosophy Aristotle

The Human Function Argument Aristotle argues that the human function is activity of the soul that expresses or requires reason. This argument is found in Nicomachean Ethics approximately between Bekker lines 1097b24 and 1098a9. 1. Humans must have a function, or else they would be idle, which is absurd. Aristotle directly asks the reader if humans might have no important overall function other than a chosen occupation in society but suggests that this would not be expected of nature. Terence Irwin used the word idle in his 1985 translation when phrasing this disjunct of Aristotle?s question. 2. Each human body part has a function, so the whole human must likewise have a function. This premise appears parallel to Aristotle?s argument that many goods serve higher goods within a hierarchy (1094a10). Aristotle is invoking the concept a hierarchy to consider functions of body parts. Each part has a function that serves a larger part with a different function, and so it seems that the largest unit, the human body itself, must have a function. 3. The human function is unique to only humans themselves. Aristotle does not seem to consider that unique human features could simply be superfluous; he simply states as a goal that he is looking for a unique function. 4. Human function is not growth and nutrition because these aspects of life are shared with plants. It is sensible to make this exclusion if one accepts the third premise. 5. Human function is not sense perception because this aspect of life is shared with animals. Fulfilling a function like this would constitute a life of gratification, which Aristotle rejected earlier (1095b16). 6. The part of the human soul with reason is unique to humans. This is simply... ...unction argument points out its inadequacy to stand alone since the argument provides little evidence for some of its premises and rests only on certain common beliefs without making a strong connection to the supporting evidence. Bibliography Aristotle. "Nicomachean Ethics." Classics of Moral and Political Theory. 3rd ed. Trans. Terence Irwin. Ed. Michael L. Morgan. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2001. Aristotle. "Nicomachean Ethics." The Internet Classics Archive. Trans. W. D. Ross. [sic]. Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. Terence Irwin. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1985. Aristotle. Politics. Trans. C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1998. Plato. Protagoras. Trans. Stanley Lombardo and Karen Bell. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1992.

My Papa’s Waltz

Theodore Roethke’s poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, can be quite mystifying in terms of comprehending the exact feeling of the speaker towards his father. Presumably, one would immediately notice the impression created by the author regarding the father. The first line of the poem already suggests the negative image of the father as a drunken man playing with his son. â€Å"The whiskey on your breath / Could make a small boy dizzy; / But I hung on like death: / Such waltzing was not easy† (Roethke 30). The first stanza speaks of the narrator’s recollection of the nausea that his father’s drunkenness has caused when he was a little boy. After finishing Theodore Roethke’s poem, it is quite clear that the speaker implies contrasting emotions of pain and enjoyment of a son’s rough dance with his father. However, despite the pain caused by the alcohol smell, he still appreciated his father’s efforts in â€Å"waltzing† with him for he knew it was not that easy. Furthermore, it can also be noticed that the pain that the narrator felt is directly insinuated in the poem in this stanza: â€Å"The hand that held my wrist / Was battered on one knuckle; / At every step you missed / My right ear scraped a buckle† (Roethke 30). Nonetheless, the contrasting emotions of the narrator’s enjoyment were implicit. Instead, the emotions were portrayed through the words that the author has chosen to describe the situation. According to Edward Byrne, a writer and English professor in Valparaiso University, â€Å"the poet refers to his father as ‘papa’, connoting greater affection. Additionally, the word choice of ‘romp’ reflects a more playful tone† (Byrne). Considerably, Roethke made use of words which portray affection and delight towards the father; therefore, the poem consists of two different emotions and at the same time correlates them with each other. The contrasting emotions become related because the narrator insinuates that he is able to endure the pain as long as his father plays with him. The poet may not have directly expressed the enjoyment that he felt, but by understating it through his use of words, he was able to show his happiness with his father in spite of the pain.

The Philosophy of Cartesianism

â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† (â€Å"I think, therefore I am. â€Å"), Descartes famous basis for his philosophy of Cartesianism, is also compelling evidence towards the defense of one of the most famous of the early Greek teachers, Socrates. In order to be, one must think. Socrates was a seeker of truth, and the highest knowledge is knowing what is best for oneself and one†s community. He was penalized and served the ultimate sentence for his belief in the true nature of education. He was blamed for opposing the authoritative belief that education had the sole purpose of transmitting social mores intact. He believed instead that education was meant to examine and re-evaluate social norms for the betterment of society. It was his re-evaluation of social norms that was perceived as dangerous by his society. This leads to the question, â€Å"Is it dangerous to think to much? † Is it sometimes better to let things be, in order to keep the peace? One of the many charges brought against Socrates was the charge of corrupting the youth with his teachings. Instead of letting the laws govern their lives, he was attempting to show his pupils ways of rationalizing their own world. God originally gave mankind free will so that we would not become a bunch of robots walking around doing his bidding, and yet this is what traditions were doing. The customs of early Athens were limiting on what a person could or could not believe. Socrates believed independent thought in itself could never be bad. It is what one does with this knowledge that determines its worth. Socrates believed that â€Å"self-knowledge† is different from the â€Å"knowledge of information† that had been handed down from generation to generation. Socrates was more concerned with ethical knowledge: self-understanding means self-improvement. Not only must one know what it means to be a human being and understand one's own character (and how it falls short of the ideal), but knowing better means doing better. Knowledge becomes a virtue. One must transform one's own character in the light of one's vision of what is best. Socrates believed true knowledge or human wisdom was not abstract information or facts that filled the brain. It is knowledge that transforms character, brings order to a disorderly life, refines attitude, and makes one better. This self-understanding that Socrates taught his pupils is actually beneficial to a community. When one has order in their lives, it is easier for them to bring order to the world around them. When you smile the world cannot help smiling too. Conversely, when one allows himself to be corrupted, he corrupts the society around them. Self-improvement equals social reform. At the same time, social reform requires knowledge of what is best for the community (as a whole). Thus, since self-improvement and social reform are interdependent, self-knowledge and knowledge of social justice are also interdependent. Ethics is inseparable from politics and individual good is inseparable from the common good. Therefore, by teaching the youth to think without worrying about following tradition, Socrates not only helps them enhances themselves, but he improves society in general. There still remains the question as to whether or not this constant inquiry into the world can be detrimental. Without pioneers of thought, pioneers of action would never exist. As science progresses through time, more and more of its theories are being put into development. Although the progress of science has greatly enhanced society and the world we live in, there are many cases where an invention or discovery managed to set society back. One of the best examples of this is weapons of mass destruction, more specifically, the A-bomb. No one would disagree that this was a terrible thing to create; even the inventor had hesitations when he figured out what he was doing. Still he made it, and as society progress, it progressively develops newer and more destructive weapons. The irony is that the leaders of society are the people pushing for the bigger and better weapons, for the sake a guaranteeing public safety. Yet as more and more weapons are created the inevitable mass destruction of all societies becomes evident. In this way, Socratic thought and the quest for knowledge is detrimental to a society. Pure Socratic belief is best summed up by his saying, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living. † Many of Socrates adversaries believed that this principle was an open invitation for anarchy. Examining life leads to new ideas that do not necessarily conform with the beliefs of society. This causes great movements of revolution. Socrates believed these movements were a great tool in the advancement of civilization. One great proof against this idea is the rise of Hitler and communism. Hitler examined his life and found that the Jews were the source of all his problems. He therefore decided to kill as many of them that he could. His ultimate goal was genocide. In this case the personal thoughts of an individual did not help the advancement of society. The new debate becomes, â€Å"Is it justifiable to condemn a person for Socratic behavior? † The answer is no. Everyone should be allowed to quest for knowledge. That is why the necessity for a college education in the modern world is so strong. Society needs thinkers. What is condemnable is the specific actions that are taken as a result of some of these thoughts. Hypothesizing about what a weapon of mass destruction can do and testing it out on innocent people and animals are two different things. Many people criticize Socrates for not being a man of action. All Socrates ever accomplished was questioning and probing the democratic beliefs of his day. He built nothing, and he wrote nothing, all he did was think, and a person cannot be condemned for their thoughts. In the big picture, people should be encouraged to think for themselves, to decide what they are going to believe and what they are going to dismiss as fiction. Society has the right to punish a man†s actions if they are causing harm to society, but expressing a view other than popular opinion is not harmful to society. In actuality, contemplation can help to resolve many of society†s problems. Meditation on a problem leads to possible solutions to the problem, and in essence, progress. By examining oneself, a person gains better insight into who they are, and where their place in society is. This allows them to become more secure with themselves and more efficient in the community. Socratic behavior is about examining everything in order to gain knowledge. The pursuit of knowledge is not condemnable as long as no one is getting hurt.

Focus on the Learner Essay

PART 1 The students attending the pre-intermediate course are mostly Czech nationals (except one Polish student) and are in their early thirties to sixties. They all have a good level of motivation and their reasons for learning English include personal development, relocating to an English speaking country, obtaining a better job, travelling, teaching English at a higher level, and communicating with native speakers or family members living abroad. Most of them have learnt the language at school and/or university for at least 4 years (often with long breaks) and were taught by teachers who used both Czech and English in the classroom. The lessons were teacher-centred and focused on grammar, dictation and homework, leaving few opportunities for speaking practice. One student has also been attending English course offered by her employer, and also learns English independently. Two of the students are multilingual (they speak either German or French). A number of them have attended English lessons at Akcent IH in the past, which they enjoyed because they were exposed to various accents of native speakers. They prefer lessons where only English is spoken and are very receptive to CELTA teaching strategies. Students are happy to work in pairs or groups, though some would like to be corrected more often and feel they learn more when talking to the teacher. They enjoy a mixture of speaking practice and grammar work, which most perceive as difficult, but easier than listening or speaking â€Å"because grammar can be learned†. They are all eager to communicate effectively with native English speakers, develop their listening skills (difficult because of accents/talking speeds) and speaking skills (fluency, improving their  accents). The students also want to broaden their vocabulary and improve their writing skills. All students are passionate about travelling, music, dancing and sports, and actively pursue these hobbies. PART 2A: Description of error Error example Corrections Reason GRAMMAR Not using the correct proper noun when referring to a particular country It is the same in Britain or in French. It is the same in Britain or in France. Most likely a slip, though possibly student doesn’t know the right word for the country or hasn’t had enough practice using it. Omitting â€Å"-s† in the present simple 3rd person singular She drink a lot of coffee. She drinks a lot of coffee. SS are aware of the rule but haven’t internalized it yet. Probably confusing for them because the verb form only changes in the 3rd person sg. VOCABULARY Using the wrong adjective (meaning) hard luggage heavy luggage L1 interference: hard and heavy are the same in Czech (tezky) Using wrong verb (collocation: you ride a bike, but drive a car) Do you know how to ride cars? Do you know how to drive a car? Drive in Czech (ridit) is similar to ride. Student learned the meanings of drive/ride in the past but mixes them up. PRONUNCIATION Wrong sounds /ven/ / wen/ Student hasn’t had enough practice using the sound /w/, which does not exist in Czech, and uses the sound /v/ instead. Wrong sounds + incorrect word stress ? /d:pan/ ? /dp?n/ L1 interference: in Czech, word stress is always on the first syllable. Student would also benefit from drilling pronunciation to correct the vowel sounds. PART 2B: Skill 1: Listening The students handle listening for gist and specific information well if the context is very clear from the start, tasks are graded to their level and the activity is engaging (as was the case when listening to a song). Essential vocabulary must be clarified before the listening task. Because they are not exposed to spoken English outside the classroom very much and have had little listening practice in their previous learning experience, they sometimes struggle with the different accents of English speakers (natives who speak quickly are particularly difficult to understand). Skill 2: Speaking Speaking tasks work well with the group, especially if the topic is something the students can relate to (like New Year’s traditions, or their hobbies: travelling and holidays were particularly stimulating themes) and have/are taught the necessary vocabulary. Free speaking tasks work best when preceded by guided practice. At times, the speaking tasks progress slowly and students are hesitant to talk. They often stop to think about the accuracy of what they are going to say and always benefit from discussing their ideas in pairs before engaging in the activity. This has to do with their previous English learning experiences, in which skills development was neglected – they were not encouraged to share their ideas or develop fluency. PART 3 Activity 1: /v/ vs. /w/ Aim: To clarify and practice the pronunciation of the sounds /v/ and /w/ in commonly encountered words. Rationale: Students have trouble pronouncing the sound /w/. Often they say /vi:kend/ instead of /wi:kend/ or /ver/ instead of /w?r/. The sound /w/ does not exist in their native language, so they use the closest sound in Czech: /v/. I found that this error is widespread amongst the students. The activity I have chosen is suitable because, apart from drilling the pronunciation of /w/ and /v/, it encourages students to identify rules as to which of sound to use in which words. I’ve adapted the task to include some of the words they had trouble with in class. Activity 2: Summer camp Aim: To give students practice using the correct form of the present simple 3rd person singular in the context of organizing a summer camp. Rationale: Students are already familiar with the rule for forming the present tense for the 3rd person singular. However, especially during speaking tasks, they omit the â€Å"-s† at the end of the verb and use the bare infinitive form. The activity I have chosen is a speaking task, because I believe that students will benefit from practice to avoid making this kind of error in a productive task and it will encourage fluency. BIBLIOGRAPHY Millin, S. (2011, June 18) – Pronunciation problems for Czech speakers of English Retrieved from http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/2011/06/18/pronunciation-problems-for-czech-speakers-of-english/

Project Plan for an Online Music Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Plan for an Online Music Store - Essay Example After the site is done, the clients will be able to purchase music gear like headphones and ipods, music magazines like Billboard magazine and Rolling stones magazine, as well as music compact discs and digital music. The site will also provide the facilitation of cart system of purchase, where the client can purchase the products directly, add them to the purchase cart, and then pay fro them online via credit cards and other arrangements. 2. Project Overview 2.1 Scope This online store will enable clients and other users to purchase digital music of their choice from a wide catalogue. It will also make them able to purchase compact discs, vintage vinyl, music instruments, music players, musical headgear, music and music related magazines and other music paraphernalia that may be related to these products like long life power batteries for music players. The online store will also feature a jam room where the sites clients will be offered music at dates, which are pre-decided. The on line site will thus have a jam room booking option where the clients and other users can hand in their details, for processing and thus book the jam room beforehand. Via adding products to cart, the clients can also purchase products online and then pay for them later online. 2.2 Details and Requirements Ear Lickers online music store aims to be a leading band in the buying of music and music related paraphernalia on the internet. To do this, the site, will have to be user friendly, efficient, and reliable (Reid, 2009 p56). For this to be values to be instituted, the online site will have these features: A log in section, which is aimed at enabling users to create accounts n the website and... This paper seeks to provide an outline of a project plan aimed at starting an online store for the sale of music. This project plans main purpose is to define tentatively the different iterations and phases for the lifecycle of the project. This plan could act as a guide for software development processes too. For software development, the professionals who could use this project plan include team leaders who would utilize it for planning sharing of resources and management of time. This project’s main objective is for the development of an online store, which is mainly aimed at live clients, and will be called Ear lickers music store. After the site is done, the clients will be able to purchase music gear like headphones and ipods, music magazines like Billboard magazine and Rolling stones magazine, as well as music compact discs and digital music. The site will also provide the facilitation of cart system of purchase, where the client can purchase the products directly, add them to the purchase cart, and then pay fro them online via credit cards and other arrangements. Since online music stores are a relatively new venture, it was important to come up first with a project plan before the actual setting up of the project. This helps in the systematic implementation of the project and its completion on schedule and within budget. The various members of the team are required to be aware of their specific tasks in order for them to be efficient and conclude their duties on time.

IT INFRASTRUCTURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

IT INFRASTRUCTURE - Essay Example In the Middle East, BDB is one of the leading service providers in gas, power, water and chemical industries providing maintenance, rehabilitation, construction, O&M and lifecycle services (Boudreau, 2008). It has an asset base of over  £500 million and order intake of  £58 million. It has over 1300 employees operating from Saudi Arabia, United Emirates and Kuwait. It parent company Bilfinger Power Systems GmbH AS AT 2012 had over 10,000 employees and an order intake of  £1.178 million For it to operate more effectively and serve a wide base of clients, BDB realized that it requires a network that will facilitate seamless communication between its diverse locations without compromising security of its resources. It has a number of departments including sales with 300 employees while other 900 employees are spread across Finance, Operations, Human Resources, Marketing, production and corporate office in 10 offices in United Arab Emirates. BDB network consist of a backbone, campus, data center, branch/WAN and Ethernet edge. Of late, it has reported a number of vulnerabilities and security breaches in its networks. Due to recent security breaches in the campus network BDB took a major step in 2012 and deployed a secure network provided sufficient security for its operations. Remote access will allow telecommuting employees to access to the main office resources without being necessarily being there. Security is a major concern for remote access and should be treated as such during network design process. Because of the demands for seamless network access for remote and in-house users as well as security of internal resources, BDB contracted the services of a technology contractor to analyze the business needs and recommend a company-wide solution. The contractor recommended the deployment of a IPSec-based VPN and the process of planning