Synthetic Essay On A Modest Proposal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1112 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? A Modest Proposal suggests to the Irish people that it would be beneficial for them to bear children and fatten them up to be sold to the English rulers so they can be favored in hopes of gaining more freedom and opportunities. Two authors with different focuses on Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal will aid in gathering information about social issues and class structure in relation to the history of Englands poor treatment of Ireland. An article by Louis A. Landa highlights the strife between England and Ireland as Ireland is moving towards growth and independence but is squashed by the unproductive members of society that England has sent over; Barbra Bengelss work discusses the relation of clothing as it is discussed in A Modest Proposal and how it represents social issues and class structure. After evaluating both sources, the treatment of England can clearly be seen as the cause of social issues and unproductivity in Ireland. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Synthetic Essay On A Modest Proposal" essay for you Create order Barbra Bengels centers her analysis of Swifts A Modest Proposal on his use of clothing related terminology and how the image of clothing relates to the class and social issues in Ireland. Bengelss first quotation of A Modest Proposal is Beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, six children all in rags (Swift 1729). Bengels uses this quote to introduce her main point: as described by Swift, clothing visually defines the classes. Bengels proceeds into describing the cause of Irelands low social standing. She speculates that Swifts choice of words is promoted by the thought that clothing was the identifying factor between social classes. Bengels also makes the statement that dressing ones child is synonymous with caring and flaunting social class to support her view. She continues on to argue that Swifts use of clothing references and the poor treatment mothers give their children, such as fattening them up and birthing them only to sell them for a profit, is a symbol of the a falling Irish society (2006 pg 14). Bengels is taken aback by how absurd and inhumane the proposal is for the lower class women to objectify their children and treat them as animals only tending to them for the promise of a profit. Bengelss final statement in her analysis of Swifts proposal entails that she does not think Swift was an inhuman person for his suggestion. She actually believed that Swift was intelligent in his word choice in creating puns and was impressed by his strategic use of satire to make it appear as though he really cared about the situation at hand. Louis Landa diverges from Bengelss view of inhumanity and focuses on his interpretation of the situation between Ireland and England. Landa, the author of the journal article A Modest Proposal and Populousness, focuses on the history between England and Ireland and how the harsh treatment of England impacted the population of Ireland, and consequently the repercussions that followed- such as a low economy, masses of beggars, and overpopulation. Landa supports Swifts thought that it would be more beneficial for the people of Ireland to sell the bodies of those who are not contributing to the overall economic and social growth of Ireland (1942, p.162). Landa continues on in his analysis of Swifts proposal and shifts his focus specifically to what he believed defined a wealthy country and how it coincided with the thought of those who lived during Swifts time. The phrase, people are the riches of a nation is repeated numerous times in Landas analysis and is the main focus throughout the essay. He believes, like many others from Swifts time and before, that a country can be successful if it has a large number of people to contribute to the growth and work of a country, and conversely, a person who does not function properly in economic or political society makes the nation poorer, not richer (Landra 1924 p.165). Because England continued to ship its unsuccessful members of society to Ireland, the land became overcrowded with unproductive people and ruined to potential that Ireland once had to become a successful country on its own. Conversely, Landa believes that Swifts A Modest Proposal was an argument against the previous statement that people are the riches of a nation. Landa suggests that Swift actually blamed the amount of people for the unsuccessfulness of Ireland. However, the main point of his essay was not to expose a fault in the economic structure, but to blame England for spoiling the efficiency of the natural law of Ireland and denying the Irish their natural rights (1924 p. 165) The most prominent view that both authors share is the thought that England is grossly exploiting Ireland to a point where they are unable to provide and support themselves. Bengels makes this point clear when she introduces the point that Ireland cannot manufacture its own goods because of the lack of employment, but the thrifty Irish citizens can clothe themselves in the leftover leather skins of the children they cook and sell (Bengels 2006). Landa expands on the point that England is to blame for all of Irelands misfortune. He includes a common thought of that time that people are the riches of a nation their labour is potential wealth but must be utilized (1942, p. 163). Landa believes Ireland is unable to utilize their potential because they are overpopulated and dont have enough resources to support such a large population. Ireland is having to send their supplies to England as payment which lowers their ability to supply for themselves. Landa also proposed the idea that England should encourage its lower class citizens to seek opportunity elsewhere instead of merely shipping them to Ireland and creating a larger problem while providing no help and spending excess money in moving the unemployed (1942, p. 160). This is where the sources diverge. Bengles begins to focus more on the representation of clothing and how it relates to class and the social issues of Ireland, whereas Landa dives into the history and economical issues between England and Ireland. The proposal Jonathan Swift offers to the people of Ireland is crucial as both a work of satire and a matter to be taken seriously. The proposal illuminates the discourse between an overbearing and uncaring country on one of its defenseless colonies. When reading Swifts proposal one needs to keep in mind the historical turmoil between Ireland and England and the measures that pushed Swift to write such a logically thought out, yet inhumane proposal as a means to raise awareness of the situation at hand. The two sources provide different insight to the inefficiency of Ireland while providing different focuses on the repercussions of Englands actions towards Ireland in relation to social issues and class structure.

Admission On Racial Grounds Of The United States Constitution

Background Bakke (Respondent), a white applicant to Davis Medical School, California sued the University, alleging his denial of admission on racial grounds was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution Davis Medical School, California had two admissions programs for incoming class of 100 students, the regular and special admissions program. Under the regular procedure, candidates whose overall undergraduate grade point averages fell below 2.5 on a scale of 4.0 were instantly rejected. One out of six applicants were then given an interview, following which he was rated on a scale of 1 to 100 by each of the committee members (five in 1973 and six in 1974), his rating being†¦show more content†¦Special candidates, however, did not have to meet the 2.5 grade point cutoff and were not categorized against candidates in the general admissions route. The University of California, Davis Medical School reserved 16 spots o ut of 100 in any given class for underprivileged minorities. The respondent, when compared to students admitted under the special admissions program, had more favorable objective indicia of performance, while his race was the only distinguishing characteristic. The respondent sued, alleging that the special admissions program denied him equal protection of laws under the Fourteenth Amendment of the constitution. The special admissions program is unconstitutional, but race may be considered as a factor in the admissions process. Justice Lewis Powell, writing for the court, said that the Supreme Court of the United States would not consider past discrimination in reviewing the policies of the University, as this is synonymous to allowing political trends to dictate constitutional principles. J. Powell determined that tolerating a minimum number of minorities simply to reduce the traditional deficit of such individuals in the medical profession is facially unconstitutional, as it gives preference to an individual on the basis of race alone. The major determination of the Supreme

Visitor Debut Albums and Magical Enchanted Dwelling free essay sample

An unexpected Visitor I was lying in bed staring out of the window into the star studded sky. I couldnt sleep, Ever Since I had moved to Arch things had changed. I felt like someone was constantly watching me, penetrating my thoughts and taking over my mind. I looked over at the clock, my nighttime routine, it read 00:00, Mid-night. The house was silent of anything living, the only sound was the quickening of my breath, the atmosphere eerie and chilling.Mum would have been long asleep, I had heard her creaking up the old staircase sometime ago, and checking in on me, as she did very night, I pretended to be fast asleep as I didnt want to worry her that I hadnt been sleeping well. She had enough on her plate, what with the divorce, (how I hate that word! ) and then moving here. Her soft hand had brushed my cheek sending Goosebumps down my arm, but that was over an hour ago, if only she knew how to save me from this endless darkness. . .. Now I was on my own.I crept slowly out of bed, moving lightly across the old floor boards so I wouldnt wake mum, and moved towards the cold glass of the window. I opened the window like a skilful thief, only I as breaking out of my prison into the night to steal the treasures that it had in store for me. The air was calm and inviting, the trees opposite my window were almost motionless as If playing a childs game of musical statues. What amazed me the most was that why would anyone want to live here. The whole town was completely lifeless! It was boring and dreary. UT yet at the same time made me feel uncomfortable and edgy like something wonderful was going to happen. And then it did. It happened as quickly as the dawn of a new day. For a second even I didnt believe what I had witnessed. My precious night had been disturbed again, and it infuriated me. From the top of the street, like a flash of lightening a white car came swiftly down the road and came to an abrupt halt outside my house! I stood there, glued to the floorboards, my forehead pressed against the Icy glass, It felt good, and gently soothing . The ghostly figure of a woman appeared from the car. The way she moved gently and effortlessly sent me into a trance, I didnt want this feeling to end. Why?. She looked about 18, my age, and her skin was so pale, almost translucent, I wanted to touch it, I was mesmerisms by it. Her hair was long and the most amazing color, a color that had no name, but shone like velvet in the silvery moonlight. Then, in one swift movement of her head she turned and focused her gaze on me. Her eyes pierced through my body, penetrating my mind, controlling It, controlling me. It was her.She was the one keeping me from entering the world of sleep and dreams, unable to concentrate on anything, yet now when I saw her, I had complete peace in my heart. We stood for what seemed like an eternity, never taking our eyes of each other, allowing her to take hold of my very soul. Slowly she raised her hand and motioned screaming, screaming that this was wrong, danger, help!! , yet I was helpless to overcome the power she had over me and intrigued to step into her world, maybe then I could finally be released of all the stress and confusion of my life and be free. As foolish as it may be, I wanted to follow her. Silently, I snuck over to my wardrobe and pulled out my Jacket and shoes. Praying that mum wouldnt wake I moved swiftly across the top landing and down the staircase towards the kitchen. The house was cold with only the sound of the ticking clock in the hall. I somehow knew I needed to write mum a message to say where I was going, at that very moment it felt like I wasnt coming back, but I still couldnt control the urge to leave. My heart ached to leave her alone but I had to go.She was waiting. It was then, close to her that I noticed her eyes, they beckoned me to sink deeper into her, and how they seemed to hold dark sinister secrets. It was hard to tell what she was feeling, yet I knew instantly this peculiar creature could tell what I was feeling. One thing was certain, this being wasnt from this world. Slowly I opened my mouth to talk, Who are you? Why are you here Why me. . ? Before I could even finish my questions she was answering me, reading my very thoughts before I could turn them into words.Her voice was soft and void of motion, Who and what I am mean nothing to you, if you wish to find out why we have chosen you, you, and only you alone, then you must follow me. I will not have to try as I know you want to follow me. Her eyes were enticing, her words demanding and without even releasing it I was falling into her trap. We? What do you mean we!? How many more of these precious delicately evil beings are there, living n the darkness picking out victims!?. She placed her hand over my lips to stop me from saying anything more.It wrapped across my face like the cold wet shiny skin of a snake, waiting to attack its prey. These are all very fine questions, but Im afraid to say that you must stay with me to discover the answers. I went with her deeper into the darkness and somewhere deep inside of me I knew this was the right thing to do. Whether or not I would regret it was a different question. She led the way into the blinding darkness, the forest creeping closer until eventually it swallowed us up, and e were alone. All around me was trees.Everywhere I looked even the sky seemed blank without the silvery light of the moon. We had been walking for quite some time now and I could feel the icy forest floor crunch beneath my feet as if every step I took I should take with caution. For some strange reason, the girl walking in front of me was so delicate that her feet barely skimmed the ground; therefore she no sound as she walked, except the light sound of her hair brushing against her shoulders. In front of me, I could Just begin to picture a queer glow in the distance. A million efferent things were going through my head.First I was terrified of what was going to happen once we got to the clearing, and second I had no idea if I was going to return from this vile, sinister place. Were here, she whispered her voice smooth and completely emotionless. The clearing was enormous; I was so surprised that I had never come across it before. I felt like I had crossed through to another world, a magical enchanted dwelling but certainly not the kind you would find in a childrens fairytale. The place was completely surrounded by tall, skeletal trees as if I was now imprisoned and there was no escape. Around it people were dancing.They were all amazingly beautiful and looked as though they had been crafted from glass, and the way the danced was so graceful and elegant. All of a sudden every one of them stopped dead and turned to face me, perfectly synchronized. Then the stranger that had brought me here spoke. We shall now answer your questions, if thats what you would like? Of course I want to know! Thats the whole reason I came to this place! I want to know who you creatures are and why you chose me! Why you keep me from my peaceful and protected world of reams and torment me night after night!!!!At the word creature, the whole clearing broke into an uproar. They were screeching in a high-pitched tone, the tone I had heard many times over and over again ringing in my ears, it was deafening. Then a tall female in the middle of the beings motioned for them to stop. She spoke, We are not creatures. We are angels, fallen angels, cast out from heaven and sent here, to earth. Our souls were taken away from us long ago, at a time when the two worlds were at war between each other. Our only way to survive in this world, your world, is o take the souls form those who are angry and infuriated, we call them Haters.By taking these Haters into our midst, we can multiply and survive. They in turn will eventually develop into one of us, something that is neither living nor dead. Something without a soul, something that is beautiful on the outside but sinister, and evil on the inside. We instinctively seek out Haters, and you, my precious friend, are a Hater, and for that you belong to us and we must take you. My heart was racing and I felt like I couldnt breath. I was suffocating. Me?. Something neither living nor dead. I ad to get out of here; something or someone had to get me out of here. I was thinking of a hundred different solutions and but the one thing I needed. My mum. Thinking of her and what would she say when she found out I wasnt coming home. Inside I was screaming her name, but I was making not a sound. I pictured her, her face, her touch her smell. She was fading, being erased from my conscience; I summoned all my energy to focus on her. Mum, please help me; I need you more than anything! I cant do this alone, come and find me, please. .. .. .. 1!!!!!!!! Suddenly I was looking into her room through the window. She was sound asleep, safe and comforted.I knocked on the window, but there was no sound! I clenched my fist and beat the cold glass, over and over until I felt the warm surge of blood from my veins as the icy glass cut through my hands. Here I was, the thief again, but this time I could see the valuable treasure that I wanted and more than anything and wanted it! Suddenly she Jumped. I could see her scan the room till she reached the window and saw me. Where are you Jess? I cant see you? Dont leave me! Im coming for you!!! Her voice was so calming I forgot how much I needed her, how much we needed each there.Then I was back in my horrible nightmare. They were grouping together to transform me, to take my soul, l hope youre ready, one of them snarled at me, It will only hurt for a minute, and then you will be one of us, another hissed in my ear. They had won! I was never to feel the warmth and affection of true love! Had had allowed this anger and hatred that I felt towards my father to eat away at my very soul, and surrender it to these beings! I forgot about everyone else, only caring about me, wonderful selfish me! I wanted more than life itself to feel that soft touch of myBut I was sinking and falling faster and faster, nothing could save me now, nothing. . . -? Something touched my hand, but it wasnt cold like them, it didnt hurt. It was warm, human. I screamed and turned to face mum. Quick, take my hand and dont let go! she shouted. I grabbed it and she dragged me through the darkness. All I could hear was the high pitched wailing as she moved skillfully passed the endless rows of trees. Her hands we bleeding and scratched, but all I remember was her turning and looking deep into my eyes urging me to hold on. Finally we made it to the empty street.Everything looked exactly how it was before. The motionless trees, the silent road, the moon casting a Vail of light from heaven above. She did it, she had saved me, helped me to escape from the prison where I was dwelling, my head was spinning and I was exhausted, but I was safe. When we entered the house, I went straight up the stairs without even saying goodnight to mum. I threw myself onto the bed, fully clothed and sobbed. What had I done to deserve that horrible experience? I had put myself and my mother in danger. I had left her alone that night not knowing if I was ever to return.The house was silent again; mum was asleep on the sofa. I could hear her snoring lightly downstairs. Everything was back to normal. I looked out of the window and all I could see was he gently sunrise of early morning and the faint chirp of the birds heralding a new day. Maybe this had all been a nightmare, Just a bad dream. As I turned to walk back to bed I caught sight of two long deep shadows on the grass, Just beyond the fence. I screwed up my eyes, what were they . Tire marks? No.. It was Just shadows cast by the moon over the tall trees. . . .. Or was it?

To Be American free essay sample

The authors point of view concerning being an American can be translated by foreign Immigrants and those who work hard, Contribute to the American society (play an active roll), and those who embrace the American culture. Step Into the shoes of an immigrant and ask this one question, what does it take to truly become an American Citizen? For those who came to the United States for a better life, they had to under go many obstacles and turmoil as a foreigner for the sake of achieving the â€Å"American Dream† known for the land of opportunity. In this short story to â€Å"Be American† by Carlos Bulosan, it depicts the hardship and life of the narrator’s cousin Consorcio an Immigrant from the Philippines in the early 20th century. In this short story the narrator expresses not only the ordeals of his cousin but also the life of an immigrant wanderer. The author believes that those who work hard to earn a living in America should be given the title of an American Citizen. We will write a custom essay sample on To Be American or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this short story I learned what Mr. Bulosan was trying to convey about his cousin Consorcio, was the ambition and how hard he and many others had to persevere to literally try in obtaining an American citizenship. He expresses how badly he wanted to become a citizen within the first year but through trial and error he soon found out how hard it was and to never realized at his time to be an American citizen as an immigrant from the Philippines, was deemed illegal and â€Å"impractical† in the states. In the America, the ideology or belief system is to give back or contribute to society it in any way shape or form . The narrator pretty much states this and sums up the fact that what helped build and mold America to what it is to this day was the skilled/ hard labor by many immigrants. He basically says that America was found by immigrants and that the treatment they underwent was intolerable and the least that they could have offered was to give them was the natural right to become a citizen. The narrator states that his cousin went to school and had picked up on American writing and literature and eventually understood politics, laws, and the treatment of his kind and voiced himself and took a stand for it. He contributed back to society by voicing himself in his paper editorials, which discussed about freedom and peace that represented him and his fellow people behind him. He ended his Newspaper company to enlist and serve his time in the military giving back to the country and contributing everything that he could. That is one factor that Mr. Bulosan believes adds to what being an American really represents. What truly makes others considered being American is, accepting embracing, and understanding the American culture. Mr. Bulsoan tries not to give you the answer to why he believes most immigrants where already Americans. He points out that those who embrace the culture of the American people who want to be American are already citizens, not physically but mentally. Consorcio coming from a third world country, Mr. Bulosan explains how he had to embrace the American culture by adapting to the certain changes. For example when Consorcio first moved to America he had never slept on a mattress nor properly used it for the first couple weeks. But he adapted, just like how he never wore shoes before and had blisters by the harsh way he walked but soon realized that walking gracefully was by means of doing it. Consorcio underwent many trials and errors but accepted the American way of life with open arms. He was more than willing to understand not only the culture but the language itself , by being involved in everyday society. Through all the perils Consorcio had been through, the narrator explains how the hardships of not only his cousin but many individuals who will follow in his footsteps and that expresses how his cousin still lives on through those whome where like him. Mr. Bulosan says that these types of hard working immigrants, soon molded into being an American through many years without even knowing that they are at heart. The authors point of view concerning being an American isn’t about having a physical proof but for those foreign immigrants who came to this country who work hard, contribute to the American society, and those who embrace the American culture.

Factors of Business Creation and Controlling

In this case study, the primary stakeholders include the television company, its employees and clients who constitute both small and big businesses. One of the relevant facts to the case study is that any business is established with an overall objective of making and increasing the profit margins. It is the increase in profits which makes businesses to grow and expand.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Factors of Business Creation and Controlling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another fact is that for a business to grow, it must be overseen by qualified and competent people. The other fact s is that business people always look at ways of cutting costs and maximizing the profits. They tend to avoid any cost which is avoidable. Oscar is a competent marketing researcher while Laurence is an ambitious general manager.One of the ethical issues which concerns Oscar is that of deontology.In business ethics, deonto logy requires employees to perform their duties as per the given instructions leaving no room for them to give their opinion regarding the consequences of their actions as they perform their duties. They are supposed to perform their duties as instructed because doing otherwise would be unethical (Seven oaks school, 2013). The deontological aspect in Oscar’s dilemma has to do with doing what is right as per a person’s duty. As a marketing research manager, he is supposed to do what he is advised to do by Laurence the general manager. According to deontologists, doing this is ethically correct despite the fact that it would lead to suffering by small businesses that may not be able to pay higher fees to the television station. In this case therefore, doing the right thing is not in any way linked to the consequences because deontological ethics has to do with what is right as per a person’s duty. Another ethical issue is that of Kant’s categorical imperati ve. Kant is famous for taking a neutral position on ethical matters. In his first way of formulating categorical imperative, he argues that one should act based only on those maxims for which he or she would be happy if the actions were to become universal laws. In his second formulation, Kant argues that we should treat humanity not only as an end in itself but also as a means to some end (Chadwick, 1993). In this case study, Kant’s categorical imperative applies through the second formulation of his categorical imperative which has to do with how to treat humanity. The company’s management seems to treat human beings just as means to some end but not as end. For instance, the general manager wants Oscar to do a subjective research which has the potential of locking out small businesses from accessing the television channels for advertisement purposes.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper wit h 15% OFF Learn More The other ethical issue is that of utilitarianism.One of the key proponents of utilitarianism is Jeremy Bentham, who belong the 19th century philosophy. According to him, the principles of human interactions are based on the overall good. In this sense therefore, good is looked from an objective sense in that what is good is seen as what produces ‘good’ for the maximum number of people (Scarre, 1996). Utilitarianism can be explained using the principle of ‘the end justifies the means’, meaning if the end of a process or action is good, then the means of arriving at that end are also good and justifiable (Schofield, 2006). According to the model therefore, for an action to be considered as ethically or morally correct, it should have an outcome which benefits the maximum number of people. What this means is that people should focus on the end of a process but not the means of arriving at that end (Julia, 2009). In this case stud y therefore, the best action from a utilitarian perspective would be for Oscar to produce the subjective research findings as instructed by his boss Laurence. This is because the action will lead to an increment in profit margin by 28%, which would produce a maximum good despite the fact that it would impact negatively on the small businesses. Oscar therefore has two alternatives. One of them is to do as per the instructions of the general manager and end up losing his integrity as a marketing researcher. From a rights perspective, this alternative would lead to the violation of the rights of the stakeholders especially the small businesses who may not be able to pay high fees to use the television station for advertisement purposes. From a justice perspective, the action will be against the principle of natural justice which requires people or entities to be treated in a fair manner irrespective of their political, social or economic value. In this case study, Oscar seems to be the key determinant of the way forward. He should sit down with Laurence and convince him that doing a subjective research is not only unethical but also wrong and therefore unjustified. He should also show him the possible side effects of such a decision to the television station in case the stakeholders get to know about it.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Factors of Business Creation and Controlling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Chadwick, R. (1993).Immanuel Kant: Critical Assessments. New York, NY: Routledge. Julia,D. (2009). The History of Utilitarianism. Retreived 4th, August, 2013, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/#JerBen Scarre, G. (1996). Utilitarianism. New York, NY: Routledge. Schofield, P. (2006). Utility and Democracy: the Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Seven oaks school. (2009).Ethical Egoism. Web. This case study on Factors of Business Creation and Controlling was written and submitted by user Kendal P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin

Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin In an article by Axel Bugge two opinions on what should happen to the Amazon are discussed. One view is that it’s more important to cut down the Amazon due to the growing number of people living in Brazil. The other more vocal side wants to stop any cutting down of the Amazon but at least wants to minimize the amount that is being cut down every year. They don’t want to lose the Amazon that is nicknamed â€Å"the lungs of the planet† for all the oxygen that comes from there (Bugge 1). The Brazilian authorities and large percent of Brazilians know that they should limit the amount of Amazon that is being cut down. They cannot which comes from the problem of population explosion in Brazil. Brazils population has grown from 3.5 million people in 1970 to 20 million people nowadays. This would not be a problem but the Amazon represents more than half Brazil’s territory. Brazilian authorities also face pressures to develop the Amazon. There seems to be a $40 billion government economic development plan, which could possibility, destroy, or heavily damage, up to 42 percent of the Amazon (Bugge 2). On the other side of the argument we have mostly environmentally conscience people. These environmentalists are against the deforestation of the Amazon especially since a piece of the Amazon equal to Rhode Island in size is destroyed every year. This is not that much of the Amazon as a whole especially since the Amazon is an area larger then Western Europe. In the end the feeling is that if we keep cutting down the Amazon at this rate we are losing, as many environmentalists call it, the â€Å"lungs of the planet† since according to them the Amazon produces the vast majority of the earth’s oxygen (Bugge 1). A major problem of deforestation is the vast number of plants and animals living in the Amazon are not only being killed but also are dieing to points of extinction. Already a large... Free Essays on Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin Free Essays on Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin Government vs. Environmentalists vs. Darwin In an article by Axel Bugge two opinions on what should happen to the Amazon are discussed. One view is that it’s more important to cut down the Amazon due to the growing number of people living in Brazil. The other more vocal side wants to stop any cutting down of the Amazon but at least wants to minimize the amount that is being cut down every year. They don’t want to lose the Amazon that is nicknamed â€Å"the lungs of the planet† for all the oxygen that comes from there (Bugge 1). The Brazilian authorities and large percent of Brazilians know that they should limit the amount of Amazon that is being cut down. They cannot which comes from the problem of population explosion in Brazil. Brazils population has grown from 3.5 million people in 1970 to 20 million people nowadays. This would not be a problem but the Amazon represents more than half Brazil’s territory. Brazilian authorities also face pressures to develop the Amazon. There seems to be a $40 billion government economic development plan, which could possibility, destroy, or heavily damage, up to 42 percent of the Amazon (Bugge 2). On the other side of the argument we have mostly environmentally conscience people. These environmentalists are against the deforestation of the Amazon especially since a piece of the Amazon equal to Rhode Island in size is destroyed every year. This is not that much of the Amazon as a whole especially since the Amazon is an area larger then Western Europe. In the end the feeling is that if we keep cutting down the Amazon at this rate we are losing, as many environmentalists call it, the â€Å"lungs of the planet† since according to them the Amazon produces the vast majority of the earth’s oxygen (Bugge 1). A major problem of deforestation is the vast number of plants and animals living in the Amazon are not only being killed but also are dieing to points of extinction. Already a large...

Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Answers - Essay Example I plan to apply the OSHA program skills leant in my daily life, starting from my home to my future employment. If I was working in a group on a project and another member of the group was not performing their duties, I would handle the situation via verbal warning. If the group member would still not heed to the warning, I would give him or her a written warning, and if no change is seen; then dismissal of the individual. I would first communicate with the supervisor explaining the situation, and alerting that I would be late in delivering the weekly report due to the given pressing circumstances. Next, I would handle the situation at hand. This is because the report can wait, but the situation might be a life threatening one, which must be dealt with immediately. Root-cause analysis is a fishbone structural analysis useful in shaping the source of the issue and prevents reoccurrence. In root cause analysis, investigation of possible source of the problem is broken down as: man, machine, environment, and

Performance Appraisal Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Performance Appraisal Processes - Essay Example Therefore, for top quality employees the performance should take into consideration the results gained and focus on providing encouraging words or quotes to boost the employee’s morale and motivate him or her to continue working harder. The appraisals done should encourage the employees to focus more on their quantity or quality where necessary. The performance evaluations will target better performance among the empowered workers to ensure that they continue with the energy as they work. Â  The theory that is most consistent with empowerment is the job characteristics theory. It stresses on the fact that there are certain traits about the job a person has that will make him or her motivated to perform excellently. One important thing is that the employee has control over what he or she does and aims to do the best. The motivation, in this case, comes in when the workers are not given control or are given work that does not meet the various characteristics based on feedback, autonomy, task significance, and task identity and skill variety. As such it concurs with empowerment where a workers freedom increases and his or her potential exploited to the maximum. In the case of empowerment, the individual is given more control and independence to tackle various tasks and thus uses his skills to the highest. He or she does not look to meet an individual quota but to perform beyond what the company wants. Â  Landmark Dining is currently considering surveys and the various factors to consider would be competitiveness of the employees, teamwork that involves a relationship with co-workers, the job was done by the employee, communication between employees and senior management benefits, compensation relationship with Superior job security and chances of using the relevant jobs skills at work. The results from the voice system indicate the satisfaction of the customers on the services provided by the establishment.

Lab Report about primula Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About primula - Lab Report Example The practical aimed at documenting the observations accurately and developing meaningful observational skills. To achieve the practical objectives, a dissecting microscope and a compound microscope were used to compare the pin and thrum parts of the flower in a morphological manner. Again, collection of measurements was done to evidence the dimorphism. In the practical, it was established that the two flower forms are significantly different in their morphological structures. Their differences are readily visible through the size and structure of their styles, anthers, petals, and other aspects as seen in this lab report. Primula vulgaris is one of the largest and commonest genera of the Primulaceae and is mainly centred in temperate regions especially the mountainous areas within the northern hemisphere. The pollination of the flower is usually aided by human activities that promote insect pollination. In this case, insect pollinators visiting the flowers to look for nectar help in the pollination process. The species flowers are known by dustily that is mainly characterized through the development of pin flowers that are long and styled. These flowers also have anthers that head midway down flower’s corolla tube as well as some short-styled thrum flowers that have anthers positioned at the corolla-tube’s mouth (Webb & Lloyd, 1986). Typically, heterostyly is a common feature for the Primula genus whereby most of the species are distylous according to Richards (1993). The pollen morphology of all species has been previously investigated, but there are no surveys related to the Primula vulgaris species have ever been found. This argument provides that only a close investigation of the Primula vulgaris would provide a better understanding of the reproductive biology of the species reproduction biology. With regard to this species, most of its flowering plants have been found to be hermaphrodite

Importance of Stretching and Warming Up

Importance of Stretching and Warming Up Stretching Fitness. The Importance of Warming up. Why do Gym teachers at school or college, personal trainers or sports coaches, have you warm up your body and do stretching techniques before exercising? It is for exactly the same reason that career athletes and sports professionals take their time to stretch and warm up before a practice or a match. The stretching will help greatly to prepare your body for the exercise that it is about to experience. However, before one stretches, it is usually vital, or at the least preferable, that you warm up first. Warming up does imply that you are preparing to exercise, just like getting ready. For example, in cold weather a car needs to be started and warmed up, before you move off in the car down the road. Manufacturers advise us to do this because starting up and immediately driving off is potentially damaging to the engine – the same logic applies to your body. Warming up will help to increase the temperature of your body to an optimum state while also preparing your muscles to be ready for exercise. Thus, warming up will actively help to prevent injuries to muscles, which may otherwise occur if you just start from cold and exercise. Warming up properly will also increase your heart rate, this will deliver more blood and therefore oxygen to your muscles while readying the body to burn more energy. Ideally five to ten minutes of warming up should be sufficient. You can warm up while doing the same movements that you will be doing for exercise, but just at a slower pace, like slow-motion. If you are going to run, then simply jog for those minutes to warm up, before building to your maximum and sustained effort. Preferably for all sports activities, after your body has warmed up, it is time to stretch. It is important to get into this habit because if you stretch cold muscles it will lead to injury, even a debilitating injury. But if you have prepared your muscles and they are warm, stretching correctly will reduce injuries and long term stress while also delivering to you improved flexibility, a greater range of motion, of posture and of coordination. The benefits are important and long term for you overall musculature. What is happening when you stretch the muscles? What does stretching actually do, and why can it sometimes hurt? What should stretching actually be making you feel? You do know that it is important to stretch, and that you feel the benefit after having stretched, but why is this, what happens to your muscles (and overall to your body) after a stretch session? It is all to do with flexibility. Your inherent ability to flex will come from many factors, i.e. the joints, the ligaments, your tendons and the muscles of your body. Some people, are simply born with loose ligaments and with more mobile bone joints. This is not something which you need to work on altering, for the ligaments connect the bones and are vital for the overall stability of the body. If you try to lengthen the ligaments, you will certainly face problems. Your attention in stretching is actually on the muscles, and equally on where the tendons and the muscles meet (the tendons connect the muscle to your bones). The tendons and the muscles are the important main physical structures for your flexibility efforts. It is that interface which you are concentrating upon. As well as the bone joints and the ligament structures, the muscle mass (i.e., what strength you have) will affect how supple you are and how far you can stretch. Training and conditioning affects greatly your flexibility. Focus on your muscles. How do they Work? Muscles vary greatly in their shape and their size, and they serve many different functions. Most of the larger muscles, such as the hamstrings and the quadriceps, control your motion. The other muscles, such as the heart, and muscles of your inner ear, perform different functions. However, at the microscopic level, all of the muscles of the body do share an intrinsic basic structure. At their highest level, the (whole) muscle is made up of so many strands of tissue known as fascicles. You see these strands of muscle when red meat or poultry is cut. Each fascicle is made up of fasciculi, these are bundles of muscle fibres. These muscle fibres are in turn made of several tens of thousand of thread like myofybrils, these contract, relax, or elongate. The myofybrils are also made up of several millions of bands laid end to end and known as sarcomeres. Each individual sarcomere is composed of overlapping thin and thick filaments known as myofilaments. The thin and thick myofilaments are in turn composed of contractile proteins, which are primarily actin and myosin. Your nerves connect your spinal column to the muscle. The point where the nerve and muscle connect is known as the neuromuscular junction. When electrical signals cross the neuromuscular junction, this is then transmitted deep inside your muscle fibres. Subsequently and inside your muscle fibres, the electrical signal stimulates a flow of calcium which then causes the thin and thick myofilaments to slide across each other. When this happens, it signals the sarcomere to shorten, and this generates force. Therefore when the billions of sarcomeres of the muscle shorten simultaneously, then it results in a contraction of the whole muscle fibre. If a muscle fibre contracts, it completely contracts. There is no event known as a partially contracted muscle fibre. The muscle fibres are not capable of varying in intensity during their contraction, relative to the load against which you are imposing. How then does the force of a muscle contraction result in a variance of strength from weak to strong? What occurs is that the more of the muscle fibres that are recruited, as and when required to perform the work requested of them, then the more those muscle fibres that are recruited by your central nervous system, the stronger is the force being generated by the muscular contraction. Fixator Muscles This may be a little technical and term heavy, but it will give you a better idea as to the complexity of what is actually happening in your body when movement of the body is under way. Fixators, are the muscles that provide you the necessary support that assist in holding the rest of your body in place, while movement happens. Fixators are sometimes also called stabilizer muscles. When you flex a knee, your hamstring will contract, and also, to some extent, your calf (gastrocnemius) and your lower buttocks. Meanwhile, your quadriceps are being inhibited (somewhat lengthened and relaxed) in order not to retard the flexion. In this example, the hamstring serves you as the agonist, or the prime mover and the quadricep serves you as the antagonist. The calf and lower buttocks serve you as the synergists. The agonists and the antagonists are generally found on opposite sides of the affected joint (such as your hamstrings and your quadriceps, or your triceps and your biceps), The synergists are generally located at the same side on the joint and near the agonists. Larger muscles will regularly call upon their smaller neighbours to function as synergists. The muscles are by nature extremely pliant, and they can stretch up to one and a half times their own length, whereas your tendons may be damaged permanently if they are stretched by just four percent beyond their natural length. When you are stretching a muscle, this means that it stretches out from the centre of the muscle belly, out to the point where the muscle and tendon meet. Overstretching means tissue damage. A gentle stretch will relax your muscles, allowing them to release and grow longer, yet too intensive a stretch can actually produce an inflammatory response. This means that your body is trying to repair some damage. Any time you cause yourself pain, then you are actually causing tissue damage. You do not want to create any form of pain or discomfort when you are trying to become increase your mobility while also enhancing your flexibility. Let your mind and body relax. In order for a stretch to reach the complete length of a muscle and reach deep into the muscle-tendon connections, then it is preferred that you hold each stretch for about one minute.. but don’t push it, work up to this optimum. Your stretches should be gentle. Try not to bounce when stretching, as this can damage your muscles. Stretching must never hurt you, so be sure to stop if you start to feel pain. Holding a stretch for 10-30 seconds will help your muscles lengthen. Your flexibility work, if done correctly, will produce a calming effect and even stretching before bed will help your mind and body relax, and produce a better sleep too equally your gentle stretching, will aid the body to recover and regenerate. Do not stretch if you have any injuries. Keep breathing during your stretches. Correct breathing ensures that your muscles get the oxygen required during stretching. Ensure that both sides of your body are equally stretched. It might feel natural to you to focus on a dominant side, yet one’s focus should be to stretch all muscles equally. Some propose that water is important to drink regarding your flexibility as an increased water intake is thought to contribute to better mobility, as well as enhanced total body relaxation. Stretching your neck. Tilt your head forward, but don’t rock it from side to side as this may be dangerous. Alternatively, stretch your neck to the left, then the right, go forward and backward, and return to centre. Angle your head with the ear towards a shoulder, then tilt your head backwards and roll it from left to right, then the right to the left in a 30 degree motion. Ensure that when the head is tilted backwards, you keep the jaw relaxed and even let your mouth fall open a little. Stretch the shoulder. Put an arm on the chest. Grasp your forearm with the other arm. Pull the arm until you feel your shoulder is stretching. Push the arm that you are stretching the opposite way so to contract the muscle if you notice that the chest is stretching instead of the shoulder. STATIC STRETCHING Static stretching is a traditional type of stretching that most people are more familiar with. For example, bending over and touching your toes is a great static stretch for your hamstrings and your lower back. With static stretching you will want to go to just at the point of discomfort and then hold this stretch if possible for 30-60 seconds. Go slowly at first, do not push yourself to the point of excruciating pain and so risk pulling or tearing any muscles. As you become more habituated to stretching, your pain threshold will increase and you will be able to maintain any stretches for longer and then to stretch deeper. Here are some static stretches that you can do easily. Chest. Shoulders and Biceps. Extend an arm and grasp a pole or other sturdy stationary object with one hand. Then slowly rotate the body away while keeping your posture upright. Keep going until you feel a good stretch in the chest, shoulders, and biceps. Hold this and then repeat it with the other arm. Try to do this stretch at least twice for each side. UPPER BODY STRETCH This stretch is quite easy, grasp a chin up bar and hang from it for as long as your strength will hold. You will probably feel the stretch throughout your entire upper torso. This can be repeated several times with different grips (e.g. wide, underhand, narrow, overhand). LATS/CHEST STRETCH Grab a bar or machine handle that is about waist high. Simply extend back as shown in the picture until you feel a good stretch in the lats and chest. Hold this for 30-60 seconds, take a quick rest and then repeat again. QUADS STRETCH Using a leg extension or seated leg curl machine, set the foot roller pad so that it is just lower then the height of your butt. Put the pin in the full weight stack so that the pad doesnt move. Then hook your foot over the pad as shown in the picture. And lean back and down until you feel the stretch throughout the quads. Hold this for 30-60 seconds and then repeat with the other leg. Do this stretch at least twice for each side. HAMSTRINGS STRETCH Extend your leg on a weight machine, rack, or some other object that is a bit higher then waist height. Straighten your leg and lean forward until you feel the stretch in the hamstrings. Try to grab your toes if you flexible enough, if not then just reach out as far as you can. Hold this for 30-60 seconds and then repeat with the other leg. Do this stretch at least twice for each side. LOWER BACK/HAMSTRINGS STRETCH This is pretty straight forward, just bend over with your legs straight and touch your toes. Hold this for 30-60 seconds, take a quick rest and then repeat again.

History of Special Needs Provision in Ireland Essay

The history of education for children with special needs in Ireland has been one of neglect and exclusion until there was a change in attitudes and policies. The government had no need for policies regarding education and care of children with additional needs because they were carried out by religious orders. Many children were sent away to hospitals, homes and even asylums. They were hidden away from society. There were three stages in relation to the education and care of children with additional needs. Era of Neglect and Denial The era of neglect and denial was when the government thought children with special needs didn’t need to be educated and were seen as a medical problem. The Medical Model of Disability thought that children with special needs were abnormal. The problem was seen to be with the person with special needs and this model focuses on the causes of the disability and would look for cures rather than accept the person. â€Å"The medical model of disability views disability as a ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual† (www.2.le.ac.uk, Assessed 07 March 2014). Era of Special Schools The era of special schools was when a number of religious orders set up schools for children with special needs. The care and education was entirely up to the religious orders and the children would often board here rather than stay at home with their families. These schools were later recognised by the state. The government now believed children with special needs needed to be educated but not with â€Å"normal† children. They believed that the children would interfere with the education of the other children and therefore could not be educated in the same schools. Era of Integration and Inclusion The era of integration and inclusion began when the government introduced policies on education for children with special needs. They introduced these because of the decline in religion and religious orders. The state took over the care and education of children with additional needs. There was a demand for these children to be educated in schools alongside children who did not have special educational needs. This did happen but the children with special needs were taught in separate classrooms away from the other children. They were been educated but still not included. There are over 140 special schools in Ireland to date. These schools are designed for children who cannot be educated in mainstream schools. Some children may go to these schools for a period of time and then move into mainstream schools. Children with special needs are entitled to a free education until they reach eighteen years of age. They are entitled to help and support from resource teachers or special need assistants if the need it and to be educated in the same environment as every other child and to be treated equally. Legislation and Policies The Education Act 1998 The Education Act 1998 was the first piece of legislation that outlined the rights regarding education. This act is a general one but it provided the first legal definition of disability, the first legal definition of special educational needs and it defined what support services are. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of teachers, Board of Management, the Inspector and the Minister for Education. The Education Act 1998 says that all children including children with special needs are entitled to free education. Parents have the right to send their children to a school of their choice. All schools must respect beliefs, languages and traditions of all children. Schools have to have a plan in place to deal with any obstacles that may affect the education or welfare of a child with additional needs. All children have the right to be treated equally and should be included in all aspects of education despite their ability or disability. â€Å"This was the first piece of legislatio n passed since the foundation of the state that directly outlined the government’s rights and legal obligations regarding education† (Assisting Children with Special Needs, Assessed 08 March 2014: 10). The Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004 This Act was passed to ensure that all people with special educational needs can be educated in an inclusive environment where this is possible. They have the same rights to education as a person who does not have special educational  needs. They have the right to the equipment they need in order to participate and continue with their education. The Board of Management needs to provide information to the parents and others relating to the education of the child. They need to ensure the progress of the child is monitored and reviewed regularly. To review the resources that are needed to help and provide education to children with special needs. They need to ensure that the needs of the child are being met and that a plan is put in place specifically for each child. â€Å"This Act was passed in June, 2004. The Act makes provision for the education of people with special educational needs, to provide that education whe rever possible, in an inclusive environment with those who do not have such needs† (www.asti.ie, Accessed 10 March 2014) Special Needs Conditions Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD is a common behavioural disorder that affects school age children and is more common in boys. Signs and Symptoms There are three major symptoms of ADHD inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Some signs of ADHD are been easily distracted, switching from one activity to another frequently and talking excessively. Causes The causes of ADHD are not known. There are a number of factors that may be linked to ADHD such as genetics, diet and family environments. Diagnosis The diagnosis should only be made if the problem has been assessed for more than six months and has happened in two or more places. This is because there are other conditions which are very similar to ADHD that have to be ruled out. â€Å"Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) is a disorder that appears in early childhood. You may know it by the name attention deficit disorder, or ADD. ADD/ADHD makes it difficult for people to inhibit their spontaneous response – response that can involve everything to speech to attentiveness† (www.helpguide.org, Accessed 09 March 2014). Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy occurs when the part of the brain that controls muscle tone and movement is damaged. The condition can result in someone just been  clumsy or it can be more severe where the person cannot walk or move any part of their body. Signs and Symptoms Cerebral palsy may have the following signs and symptoms, lack of movement, difficulty walking, delays in speech development and trouble with swallowing. Causes There are no exact causes for cerebral palsy but it may be caused by brain damage before or during a child’s birth. Diagnosis A diagnosis for cerebral palsy will only be made after a child has been assessed and tests carried out. The tests will focus on the child’s movements and their muscle tone. Diagnosis for cerebral palsy can take a long time. â€Å"Cerebral palsy is a term used to refer to a group of complicated conditions that affect movement and posture because of damage to or failure in the development of the part of the brain that controls movement† (www.sess.ie, Accessed 10 March 2014). Autism Autism is a developmental disorder that affects the brain from functioning properly. Autism affects the way a person communicates and how they relate to other people. Signs and Symptoms Some signs and symptoms of autism are if a child does not respond to their name by the age of twelve months, have no words by sixteen months and does not point at objects to show interest by fourteen months. The child will avoid eye contact and will like to play alone frequently. Causes The exact cause of autism is unknown. Abnormalities in the brain, genetics and environmental toxins may be causes but this have not been proven. Diagnosis A screening test to diagnoise autism must be based on the observation of communication, behaviour and development and compare them to children in the same age group. â€Å"Autism is a neurological condition in which a child is unable to relate to people and situations. It first emerges in early childhood, when the child is first developing social and interpersonal skills. It is a rare condition affecting approximately five people out of  every 10,000† (www.irishhealth.com, Accessed 11 March 2014). Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disorder which makes reading, writing and spelling more difficult. It is the most common learning difficulty among children. Signs and Symptoms The most common sign of dyslexia is getting letters and words jumbled up. Lack of self-esteem, bad behaviour and lack of interest in school related activities are symptoms of having dyslexia. Causes There is no real evidence to suggest what causes dyslexia but it may be caused by an impairment in the brain or it may be inherited. Diagnosis Tests will be done on a child that is suspected of having dyslexia and will focus on how the child processes information, their language abilities and word recognition. â€Å"There was a time in Ireland when dyslexia was the disorder that dare not speak his name. The Dyslexia Association of Ireland. (DAI), established 40 years ago this year, had to change its name in the 1980s to the Association of Children and Adults with Learning Difficulties, so it would be taken seriously† (www.irishtimes.com, Accessed 11 March 2014). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) FASD is mental and physical condition that results from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Signs and Symptoms Some of the signs and symptoms of FASD may include having a small head, deformities of limbs, heart defects and vision or hearing difficulties. Causes The causes of FASD is when a mother drinks alcohol excessively during her pregnancy. Alcohol interferes with the oxygen getting to the developing brain. Diagnosis FASD can only be diagnosed after a child is born. Doctors will access motor skills, facial features and heart problems. Support Services HADD Ireland is a support group for people affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They offer a wide variety of services  including courses for young people, courses for parents and support groups. In these courses they build skills, promote self-awareness and encourage problem solving. In the support groups they offer talks and workshops for parents that provide information and advice on ADHD. Cerebral Palsy Alliance is a support group that provides support and assistance for parents and carers of people who suffer from cerebral palsy. Each service is in place to help improve the quality of life and participation in everyday life. The services they provide include therapy and health services, counselling and respite care. They offer early intervention services and mentoring programmes for teenagers Irish Autism Action is an organisation that was formed to help sufferers of autism and their families. They offer a range of services including early detection prog rammes, education support, counselling, and home based support. They also have a helpline that offers confidential information and support for people with autism. They provide information and advice to families upon a diagnosis been made. Dyslexia Association of Ireland (DAI) is a membership based organisation that educates people about dyslexia. They offer appropriate and effective support services for children and adults dealing with dyslexia. The services they provide are information services through phone, website or text, assessment services, specialist tuition for children through workshops or one on one tuition, training and education for parents, teachers and others. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Ireland is a support group that was set up by a group of carers who have had contact with children who suffer from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). They provide information to families, carers and individuals on any disability associated with FASD. Alcohol Awareness Week 2014 is one way in which they provide information and promote awar eness about FASD. References University of Leicester: â€Å"The social and medical model of disability† (Online), available: http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ssds/accessability/staff/accessabilitytutors/information-for-accessability-tutors/the-social-and-medical-model-of-disability

Marketing Final Study Guide Essay

Chapter 11-Advertising, Integrated Marketing Communications, and the Changing Media Landscape 1. Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) and the New Media Integrated Marketing Communications: Approach designed to deliver one consistent message to buyers across an organization’s promotions. TV, Radio, magazines, Internet, Phones Mobil Marketing: Marketing Media that is available in different places such as cell phones or on forms of transportation * Magazines, newspapers and televisions compete with internet, texting, mobile phones, blogs, YouTube, Facebook, and twitter. Out-of-home advertising: Billboards, moveable promotions that are displayed in a broad range of public spaces including tray tables on airplanes, the inside of subways, trains, buses, and even in bathroom stalls. * As the media landscape changes, the money organizations spend on different types of communication will change as well 2. The Promotion (communication) mix Promotion or Communication Mix: Communication tools that may include advertising, sales, promotions, public relations and publicity, personal selling, and direct marketing. Advertising: A message that is paid for and sent to large groups of the population at one time with an identified organization or brand (product or service) being promoted * Advantages and disadvantages: Radio, magazines, newspapers are portable. Radios have many stations and are driving when listening. TV people get up or turn the station. Vehicle: the specific means, such as a particular magazine or a specific television show, within a medium to reach a selected target market. Personal Selling: An interactive, personal, paid promotional approach between a buyer and a seller. (e.g. interviewing for a job, pampered chef, Mary Kay) Public Relations (PR): The process of creating a positive image for a company, an offering, or a person via publicity. Sales promotion: Other forms of promotions (coupons, contests, rebates, mail-in-offers) not included as a component of a communication mix. Trade promotions: Sales promotions aimed at businesses in business-to-business marketing. (e.g. trade shows, sponsorships, event marketing, and special incentives given to retailers, such as extra money, in-store displays, and prizes to market particular products and services) Direct Marketing: Delivering personalized promotional materials directly to individual consumers. Materials may be delivered via mail, catalogs, Internet, e-mail, or telephone, or in person. * Benefits: ability to target a specific set of customers, measure the return on investment, and test different strategies before implementing to all targeted consumers. Disadvantage: Intrusive and many consumers ignore the attempts to reach them Telemarketing: A form of direct marketing that involves contacting people by phone. Do Not Call Registry: Established by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in 2008, the service prevents organizations from calling any phone numbers registered with the FTC Direct Mail: A form of direct marketing that is mailed to consumers. It can be personalized and ask consumers to make a certain response. Catalogs are often part of direct mail campaigns. Call to action: In direct marketing, requesting consumers to make a specific response such as a purchase or a call for more information. Direct Response Advertising: Direct marketing that includes an offer and a call to action (e.g. â€Å"Call now and receive a bonus package,† internet provides the preferred direct-response medium because it is less expensive.) 3. The Promotion Mix, Communication, and Buyers’ Perceptions. Factors that Influence Selection of Promotion Mix * Budget Available: the budget available to market a product determines what elements of the promotion mix are utilized. Affects a promotion’s reach and frequency. Reach: The number of people exposed to a message Frequency: How often people are exposed to a message * Stage in the product life cycle: affects the type and amount of the promotion used. Products in intro. stage needs more promotional dollars. * Type of product and type of purchase decision: technical- personal selling to understand features. Advertising used to sell convenience goods and routine purchase items since customers are familiar with the product. * Target Market Characteristics and consumers’ readiness to purchase: organizations must understand how ready different target markets are to make purchases * Consumers’ Preferences for various media: Research is done to find out how consumers want to be reached * Regulations, competitors, and environmental factors: regulations can affect the type of promotion used (e.g. In U.S. tobacco products can’t be advertised on TV) Strength of economy has an impact- weak economy organizations use sales promotions such as coupons (associated risk is consumers may start to expect coupons) * Availability of Media: Plan promotions based on media availability. Crisis or Disasters can cut TV promotion slots. * Push versus Pull strategy: Many manufactures use both strategies Push Strategy: A strategy in which businesses are the target of promotions to products get â€Å"pushed† through their marketing channels and sold to consumers. (e.g. displays in retail outlets for new products) Pull Strategy: A strategy in which consumers are targeted with sales promotions such as coupons, contests, games, rebates, mail-in offers. (e.g. manufacturer promotes on TV and places coupons in the newspaper causing wholesalers and retailers to buy their product to meet consumer demand) Encode: Senders must translate or convert benefits and value of a product or service into a message for the message channel selected. Decode: Receivers interpret messages. Interference (noise): Any distractions or noise that senders and receivers face during the transmission of a message. (e.g. poor reception, poor print quality, problems with a server, low battery) Feedback: Means of telling sellers you saw their information and wanted to try their product.

US Trip essays

US Trip essays In 11th grade I had the chance to apply for a 3-week-stay in the USA. There is a student exchange program between our high school and the Oak Ridge High School in Conroe Texas. It is a tradition that every year in spring a group of 11th graders visits Texas. I have always been interested in foreign languages and I like travelling to English-speaking countries to use the language and to get to know more about the inhabitants and their way of life. That is why I absolutely wanted to be one of the students to go to Texas that year. But it is always only a few students who get the opportunity to do that. I knew I had good conditions to take part because one of my main subjects was English and my teachers comminded me all the time. And my assumption was right. After a very short time I already got an e-mail from the daughter of my prospective host family. However the political situation in the U.S. was very complicated at this time. For that reason it was not certain if the exchange program could really take place. It seemed like my host family knew about the doubts my family had to allow me to go on that trip. So they sent a detailled letter to my parents to introduce themselves and to let them know that they could not identify with Bush's policy and that they would not support the war in Iraq. I was very glad to hear that because I would not have to think about how to react, if there were discussions about political topics. The letter they wrote made my parents feel relieved. My host family made avery positive impression on them. So they know I would be safe. And this was also the beginning of a friendship between our two families. Everyone of us started writing letters and e-mails and calling each other on the phone - me and my host sister (of course), my parents and her parents and even my brother and her sister. I could not wait to talk to my host family in person and when I got there they exceeded all of my expectations. They gav...

This is Your Mind on Bondage. essays

This is Your Mind on Bondage. essays The entertainment industry has come a long way since the invention of movies and television. It opened the door to a vast new world. If its comedy you want, it will deliver. If its action you crave, it can give that to you too. It also has romances, thrillers, horrors, musicals, fantasies, sci-fi, mysteries, and even gratuitous sex, otherwise known as pornography. And because of this the entertainment industry has also had a lot of controversy. Many people disagree with that last form of entertainment because they believe it is degrading to women. I happen to disagree because these women who perform in this type of entertainment do it willingly. A lot of it is just pointless sex. Some of it is more graphic than others, but it is doing nothing more than expressing sex on film or pictures. There is, however, a type of pornography that I think should be banned in America. This type is called Bondage. There are many types of pornography out there. If you go on the Internet, it will give you a wide range of choices. From teens to lesbians, anything you want to see is probably out there. Some of it is already considered illegal. Snuff films is one of them. Snuff films are violent depictions sex caught on film. These depictions are real and usually involve rape or murder. Another form of illegal pornography is child pornography. This involves sexual acts among people under the age of eighteen. My question is, if these are illegal, why isnt bondage? According to Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, bondage is a state of being bound by compulsion; Servitute or subjection to a controlling person or force. The types of scenes you can expect to see while viewing this material are scenes of women and men tied up, anchored down, or positioned in a way that they have no control over what can happen to them. The atmosphere isnt very pleasant. ...

Fundamentals of Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fundamentals of Contract Law - Essay Example This letter also stipulated the precedence of MSC company terms and provision was made for an increase in price. Therefore Betty has not agreed to the original terms of Able’s contract, she has only accepted conditionally1. Therefore, this is a counter offer which is in effect a rejection of the original offer that Able has made. Therefore, it is now Betty’s offer that is up for negotiation and Able has indicated his acceptance of Betty’s offer by signing on the tear off slip that is attached to her company’s order form. Since there is no further communication from Betty, this would be deemed to be the final agreement between the two parties with Able having consented to Betty’s terms. A valid contract between two parties may be said to exist only when the parties â€Å"assent to the same thing in the same sense, and their minds meet as to all terms.†2 Able was free to reject Betty’s counter offer, since a counter offer in effect, free s the offerer Able from any liability.3 But he signed on Betty’s order form, which means he has accepted the terms of Betty’s counter offer and the original offer has been rejected. However, this raises the issue of the clause that he has entered in the tear off slip that he has signed, which states that the offer was accepted based on the terms of the original offer. This belies the agreement implied through Abel’s signature on the tear off slip, because in indicates that Able is still not ready to accede to Betty’s terms but is intent on enforcing the original terms.  

BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT - Essay Example As a far as being and achiever is concerned, I consider myself one since I see life as a set of goals that need to be fulfilled and as such whenever I complete a task I feel that I have achieved something no matter how small. Lastly, I am a restorer because I always derive pleasure and satisfaction from patching things, situations and even people. This is influenced by my positivism since whenever I come across a situation that could be made better; I almost always try my utmost to remedy it. While the test may have indicated that am an includer, I do not think that is very descriptive of me since I tend to prefer to run projects on my own rather than as part of a team. While I do include people in them, when it comes to their management, I end up trying to be the one to run point because I am a bit of a perfectionist. In the past, teachers and even friends have been full of praise about my positivism, I remember one of my teacher once told me that my glass is always half full and I should influence my colleagues to be as positive. Whenever my siblings or friends are stressed, sometimes by academics or life issues such as relationship they often seek me out since they know I will help them see the best in such situations. This has also been very useful to me personally since, as a student, I frequently used my positivism to motivate myself to take on complicated projects that others did not want to tackle. I often view challenges as opportunities to make myself a better person rather than inconvenient situations that should be avoided. As a result, I have found myself exceling and standing out, not because I am better than others are but because I am willing to try what they refuse to handle. Being an achiever as well as a positivist is often instrumental in helping one achieve success in most of the things they set out to do (Clear). In many cases, I make small short term goals which I gradually and consistently work on combining the small

Term Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Assignment - Term Paper Example The political sphere today is male dominated, as shown by the high numbers of males participating in politics (Lawless & Fox 2012). In the USA, women account for only 16.6 percent of congress. On the other hand, women make up only 8 percent of the mayors of the nation’s largest cities. Similarly, Britain registers lower representation of women in politics, compared to the U.S.A. (PressTVGlobalNews 2011). Globally, in July 2006, women accounted for 17 percent of parliamentarians worldwide, and a woman headed the government in only seven countries (UNICEF, 2007). According to Anne, Deckman, and Swers (2011), the under-representation of women in politics is not blamed on legal restrictions, but probably on the bias of voters and parties, which favor the male politicians. Nonetheless, despite women under-representation in politics, a number of women in different countries have risen in the political scene, with impeccable performance, which is responsible for their influence in th e politics of their countries and the world. In 2011, the Forbes Magazine published a list of the most powerful women in the world. Among the first top five most powerful women in the list, three were female politicians. The most powerful woman in politics was considered to be Angela Merkel, who â€Å". . . directly controls the $2.9 trillion GDP of Germany and influences the $14.8 trillion economy of the European Union† (Goudreau 2011, para. 2). Besides being the first female chancellor of Germany, Merkel is also the party leader of Christian Democratic Union in Germany. She has held this political office in Germany since 2005, and re-elected in 2009. Merkel is also responsible for overseeing the operations of the Eurozone, ensuring stability, and unification of the members. In addition, the stabilization of the European Union is one of her core duties. This makes Germany the only country among the top largest economies of the world to be headed by a female leader (Gedmin

“Theory to Practice” Questions Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Theory to Practice† Questions Essay Read the â€Å"Theory to Practice† section at the end of Ch. 6 of the text. Answer Questions 1 through 6 based on the scenario in the â€Å"Theory to Practice† section, and complete the following in your response: †¢At the end of the scenario, BTT states that it is not interested in distributing Chou’s new strategy game, Strat. Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. At what point, if ever, did the parties have a contract? I do not believe that the parties ever had a contract. The scenario stated that the parties reached an oral agreement 3 days before the 90-day deadline that was stipulated in the negation contract. The exclusive negotiation agreement stipulated that no distribution contract existed unless it was in writing. Although a BTT manager sent Chou an e-mail that repeated the key terms of the distribution agreement, I do not believe this counts as a contract as being in writing because there are no signatures and Chou did not agree to it after he saw the e-mail even though he agreed to it orally. No contract was ever officially drafted in writing and agreed upon by both parties (signatures). What facts may weight in favor of or against Chou in terms of the parties’ objective intent to contract? The fact that BTT paid Chou $25,000 for exclusive negotiation rights would leave Chou to believe that BTT was serious about following through with a distribution contract. This fact would weigh in Choi’s favor. Unfortunately, even though the parties had an oral agreement, no written agreement was ever drafted within the timeframe stipulated on the negotiation agreement. The parties did have seem to have an objective intent to contract, but unfortunately, when new management came in, they were not interested in distributing Strat, and since there was no written contract, I believe they were within their rights to turn Chou away. Does the fact that the parties were communicating by e-mail have any impact on your on your analysis in Questions 1 and 2 (above)? No, the fact that the parties were communicating by e-mail did not have any impact on my analysis. E-mail is just that, e-mail. It is not a written contract; it is just another form of communication. These e-mails just sound like written communications that need to be put in the written contract and signed by all parties. Just because BTT sent, an e-mail outlining their verbal agreement with Chou does not make it a valid contract until it is in writing and signed by the parties involved. What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? Under the UCC, the statue of frauds applies to any contract for the sale of goods for $500.00 or more. Obviously, the negotiations between BTT and Chou are for more than $500.00, so the statute of frauds would apply here. For common law contracts, in general, the statute of frauds applies to contracts that cannot be performed in less than one year. Therefore, the statute would apply to this contract. The one element that is uniformly required is a signature of the party against whom enforcement of the contract is sought. There were no signatures to finalize the contract between BTT and Chou. Some courts have ruled that e-mails constitute signed writings within the meaning of statute of frauds since the name at the end of the e-mail signifies intent to authenticate its content. In this scenario, it is somewhat hard to come to this conclusion because it did not say if Chao responded to the e-mail containing the outline of the contract, which would have passed for his signature accordin g to some courts. Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake? Explain. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? BTT could not avoid this contract under the doctrine on mistake. A mistake is defined in contract law as a belief that is not in accord with the facts. I do not believe that the doctrine of mistake would have any bearing in this scenario. BTT’s best defense would be that Chou never signed any agreement in writing or via e-mail. They could say that Chou never agreed to this contract because there was no signature as according to the statute of frauds. Chou could argue that he did not believe there was an agreement since several months had passed since he heard from BTT. Assuming, argue do, that this e-mail does not constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? I think the fact that BTT gave Chou $25,000 for exclusive negotiating rights shows that BTT had the intent of signing a contract with Chou. The two parties also reached an initial oral agreement although oral agreements are hard to prove in court. BTT also sent Chou a fax asking him to send a draft for a distribution agreement contract. At the end of the scenario, BTT states that it is not interested in distributing Chou’s new strategy game, Strat. Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might, or might not apply. If BTT and Chou had a contract and BTT had breached the contract by not distributing the game, certain remedies might apply; specifically equitable remedies. Specific performance could be used to order BTT to render the promised performance by ordering them to take a specific action. Chou would also be able to seek compensatory damages. This would include out-of-pocket damages and potential profits that would have been earned if performance had occurred.

The Future Of Religion :: essays research papers

The future of religion 'In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters. And God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light…'(Gen 1:1.5) '…then the LORD God formed man of dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being. '(Gen 2:7) This part from the bible is a typical example of what people used to believe before scientists came and gave logical explanations to the questions of mankind.It is possible, of course, to define a non-supernatural "religious" worldview that is not in conflict with science. But in all of its traditional forms, the supernatural religious worldview makes the assumption that the universe and its inhabitants have been designed and created by "forces" or beings which transcend the material world. The material world is postula ted to reflect a mysterious plan originating in these forces or beings, a plan which is knowable by humans only to the extent that it has been revealed to an exclusive few. Criticising or questioning any part of this plan is strongly discouraged, especially where it touches on questions of morals or ethics. Science, on the other hand, assumes that there are no transcendent, immaterial forces and that all forces which do exist within the universe behave in an ultimately objective or random fashion. The nature of these forces, and all other scientific knowledge, is revealed only through human effort in a dynamic process of inquiry. The universe as a whole is assumed to be neutral to human concerns and to be open to any and all questions, even those concerning human ethical relationships. Such a universe does not come to us with easy answers. We must come to it and be prepared to work hard. According to Thomas W. Clark science and religion are in a battle from the day that scientists g ot in the fields of the theologises

The Fungal Species

The fungal species about 100 stains which were previously isolated at the laboratory of biology department king khalid university will be used in this study. Fungi will be cultured on potato dextrose agar pda medium for 7 days at 27  °c. Identification of these species will be done basically on their microscopical and cultural characteristics. The identity will be confirmed by amplification of its gene using universal primers. The fungal genomic dna extraction will be carried out using the qiagen dneasy plant/fungi mini kit protocol according to the nstructions. The its region of fungal dna will be amplified using the fungal specific-primer set: Its1-f cttggt cat tta gag gaa gta a and its4 r tcc tccgct tat tga tat gc as described by white et al. 1990 pcr reaction will be performed in a final volume of 50 ?L containing 10 mm tris-hcl 50mm kcl 1.5 m m mgcl2 each dntps at a concentration of 0.2 mm and 1.25 iu of taq polymerase. The amplification will be carried out by pcr. The initial denaturation temperature is 95  °c for 5 min followed by 40 cycles at 94  °c for 1 min 55  °c for 1 min 72  °c for 1 min; final extension at 72  °c for 10 min and holding at 4  °c. The amplified products will be examined by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gels in tae buffer. Then the pcr product will be purified and will be sent for sequencing at macrogen company korea. The its sequence of fungus isolate will be used for blast search in the embl genbank database. The sequence of the isolate will be further aligned and compared to publish its region sequences searched with the taxonomy browser of the national center for biotechnology information ncbi http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov and retrieved from genbank. Screening for mycogenic biosynthesis of ag-nps all the identified fungal species will be screened for the biogenic synthesis of ag-nps. For the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles the biomass of each isolated fungal species will be grown aerobically in cazpeks broth medium the inoculated flasks will be incubated on orbital shaker at 27 1  °c and with agitation at 150 rpm for 5 days. The fungal biomass then will be harvested after incubation by filtering using filter paper whatman no. 1 followed by three times of washing with distilled water to eradicate the residues of the medium from the biomass. Ten g fresh weight of mycelia will be added to 100 ml of sterilized double distilled water for 48 h at 27 1  °c in a 250 ml erlenmeyer flask with shaking again at 150 rpm. After the incubation the cell filtrate will be obtained by filtration through filter paper whatman no. 1. The filtrates will be inoculated with 1 mm silver nitrate agno3 solution and incubated at room temperature in dark abdel-hafez et al. 2016 the production of the nanoparticle will be checked visual by the changing the color into brown color. Cell-free filtrate without addition of silver nitrate will be severed as control. Purification of silver nanoparticles after formation the silver nanoparticles the agnps solution will be centrifuged at 10.000-14.000 rpm for 15-20 min. The supernatant will be excluded and the pellets will be dispersed with distilled water. This dispersion will be again centrifuged. The procedure will be repeated 3 times to clean agnps the free entities and unbound biological molecules. The purified formed pellets will be dried at 50-60  °c and stored in a brown-glass container for further characterization. Characterization of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles the obtained silver nanoparticles will be characterized using different advanced tools including uv -visible spectroscopy at absorption curve range between 410-480 nm. Determining of size and shape of agnps by electron microscopy sem will be carried out. Particle sizing experiments will be carried out by means of laser diffract meter using zeta sizer nano-series nano zs the crystallinity of agnps will be confirmed by their xrd pattern. Ft-ir spectra will be recorded in the range 4000–500 cm?1. Uv-visible spectrometry measurement: Biotransformation of metal ions will be affirmed by uv–visible spectroscopy measurement. Labomed uv–vis double beam within the wave length ranged from 200 to 600 nm will be used mourato et al. 2011 x-ray diffraction xrd measurement: Xrd technique will be used for examination of quality of the prepared nanoparticles. Xrd pattern of the obtained nanoparticles on glass material will be estimated in wide selection of bragg angles 2? At a scanning rate of 20 min-1. Fourier transform infrared ft-ir spectrometry analysis: Sample containing nanoparticles will be scanned by ft-ir spectrometry using a spectrophotometer. Ft-ir spectra will be scanned in rang 4000–400 cm–1 in ftir spectrometry at a resolution of one cm-1. Transmission electron microscopy tem the morphology and size of produced nanoparticles will be determined using tem. Antimicrobial activity of the characterized nanoparticles antimicrobial activities of ag-nps will be performed by the agar well diffusion method in muller hinton agar plates selvamohan et al. 2012 human pathogenic bacterial species such as escherichia coli pseudomonas sp. Proteus mirabilis klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus will be used for the assay. The bacterial species will be grown in muller hinton broth at 37 oc for 24 h. The bacterial growth will be prepared on agar medium and wells will be cut using sterile cork borer. In to the wells agnp will be applied at different concentration and incubated at 37 oc. The plates will be examined for appearance of inhibition zone and then their diameter will be measured and will be compared with standard antibiotic such ciprofloxacin. Optimization of silver nanoparticles for large scale production and stable mycofabrication of agnps using fungi it is necessary to investigate the ideal physical and chemical parameters required for the production of effective and small sized agnps mishra et al. 2014 different parameters such hydrogen-ion-concentration ph temperature t  °c concentration of silver nitrate agno3 and time t of reaction will be studied. The absorbance of the resulting solution after color change will be measured using uv–vis spectrophotometer. For each condition respective controls will be maintained.the length of the text: 6244 (no spaces: 5243)get new reportthe uniqueness of the text: 65.1 %we strongly recommend not to use this text for academic purposes   

Report On the Interview With Mtcp Participant Essay

Last Wednesday, 23 July 20003, I had an interview with one of the MTCP participants from Zimbabwe. We started our conversation at 9.21 pm. The conversation took about 2 hours to finish and it was held at 7th Block where all the participants reside. Firstly, I did some ice-breaking session with him. I introduced myself to him and after telling him the reasons why I need to interview him, he started to introduce himself. His name is Mr. Bernard , and his surname is Sitete. He came from Zimbabwe, South Africa. He work as an English lecturer at Nyadire Teachers College, Zimbabwe. He was married with one wife and two children. His wife work as a teacher at one of the secondary schools there. Zimbabwe has two ethnic group. The majority ethnic is Shona which consist 80% of the population. The other ethnic group is Ndebele which came from South Africa to Zimbabwe. Their official language is Shona , but there are some dialect that were used by people in certain area. Their official religion is Christian, but they prefer to use their own religion called Traditional African Religion. Traditional African Religion is quit the same with Christian. But, there are certain parts that show the major different with Christian. For Christian, they believe in Jesus Christ but for Traditional African Religion, they do not use Jesus Christ asking for something and to get to god . They use their own ancestors to ask for and to get to god. The religion belief in one god. For them to get to god, they must go through their ancestors. In their society, ancestors play big roles. To get through their ancestors, they have to do some ceremony as their way of praying. In the ceremony, they have to do hand-in-hand beer (made from traditional crops) drinking, dancing with certain steps, play drums, and so on. This ceremony was done to ensure their continuous contact with their ancestors. They do have their traditional costumes called Nhembe. They wear head dress, like a hat which made with feather and animal skins. Their body clothing was made with animal skins such as leopard, lion, tiger, cheetah, and so on. They do not wear any shoes. But now, they only use the traditional costumes when doing some traditional dance, festivals and ceremony. Nowadays, they use modern clothing like T-shirt, Jeans and so on. They also have their own taboos. They can’t have sex with their own mother, daughter, sister and anybody who have blood relationship. They also cannot beat their parents at all. If they do so, when their parents died, their soul will haunt them until all of their family died. The same case happened when they killed any human. It is because, they believe that when one person died, their soul will stay alive and will haunt the person who killed him or her. They also must respect the graves. They cannot show finger to the grave cause it will cause the soul of the graves will get angry and they will be cursed. They cannot marry in October cause this is the ‘dead month’. If they get married in this month, their marriage will not last and they will get misfortune. They also cannot have a bath in certain area where they believed that there are mermaids. The mermaids will take the persons. He also told me about the marriage customs. When they turned to 13 years old, they reach their maturity. So, they can get married. The woman has to go to the man’s family to ask them to propose her. After that, the man’s family will propose the woman and do some agreements about the marriage and also the Lobola ; also known as Dowry. The lobola can be some cash money or goats or sheep or anything else that was agreed by both families. The reasons of marriage are to connect two families. So, they do not mind if they cannot pay much for the lobola. The man also can borrow from the woman. But after marriage, the man has to pay the debt. If the debt cannot be paid until his wife die, the corpse cannot be buried. So he has to pay the debt first. In the society, they were allowed to polygamy, but the law banned polygamy. They have to register their marriage at the court but they also can get married traditionally. As in other ethnic culture, they also have their festivals. As a Christian follower, the celebrate Easter and Christmas. Their way of celebration is the same with any other place in the world. They also have their Rain Making Ceremony to ask for rain. They must do a dance to ask for the rain with their ancestors. They also have their own kind of Harvest Celebration. The celebration must be done in the kitchen. It symbolized their grateful to their ancestors for giving good harvest to them. Their traditional food is Sadza. Sadza is a maize meal. It cooked like porridge until it become quite thick. They eat Sadza with some curry and so on. They also eat rice. But they eat it in special occasions such as wedding, birthday and so on. Lastly, he told me that he like Malaysia. Malaysia is a nice country . It is very clean with many interesting buildings such as Petronas Twin Tower, Kuala Lumpur Tower, Telekom Tower and many more. This country also has many places of interest. For him, the weather here is too hot, but he likes it. The conversation ended after two hours. Before I left, we shared our address in order to keep in touch with him.